時(shí)差N小時(shí):數(shù)學(xué)傷大腦 Math Hurts My Brain

It's time to go again to the A Moment of Sciencemailbag. Alistener writes:

又到了科學(xué)一刻聽(tīng)眾的來(lái)信時(shí)間。一位聽(tīng)眾寫(xiě)道：

Dear A Moment of Science,

親愛(ài)的《科學(xué)一刻》，

I'm not a math person. In fact, anytime I have todeal with numbers, let alone solve an actualmathproblem which, thankfully, is not often it's almostpainful.

我不是很擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)。事實(shí)上，每次我跟數(shù)字一打交道就覺(jué)得痛苦不堪，跟別提解決單純的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題了，不過(guò)謝天謝地，這種事不常有。

First, you should know that you're certainly not alone.

首先，你要知道你絕不孤單。

Lots of people suffer from what's known asmath anxiety.

許多人都遭受數(shù)學(xué)焦慮癥的折磨。And what's most interesting is that,according to one study, people with very highlevels of math anxiety actually experience painwhen confronted with a math challenge.

最有趣的是，有一項(xiàng)研究表明，嚴(yán)重?cái)?shù)學(xué)焦慮癥患者當(dāng)面對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)會(huì)實(shí)實(shí)在在經(jīng)歷疼痛。

Notmetaphorical pain actual, real pain.

這種疼痛不是一種想象出來(lái)的感覺(jué)，而是真實(shí)的痛感。

OK, but what does that mean? How can math cause pain?

好的，這意味著什么呢?數(shù)學(xué)怎么可能造成疼痛呢?

It's all in the brain, of course.

當(dāng)然，這與大腦有關(guān)。

The researchers compared fourteen people with high math anxietyto fourteen people with lowmath anxiety.

研究人員將14名嚴(yán)重?cái)?shù)學(xué)焦慮癥患者與14名輕度數(shù)學(xué)焦慮癥患者進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

Each group was given a series of word and mathproblems while an MRI machine scanned theirbrain activity.

每組人員都拿到一系列的文字與數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，同時(shí)使用核磁共振成像機(jī)器對(duì)他們的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行掃描。

Before each problem, either a yellowcircle would appear to indicate that they were about tosolve a math problem, or a blue squarewould pop up to signal a word problem.

在每一個(gè)問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)前，會(huì)有一個(gè)黃圈出現(xiàn)，指明他們即將解決一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，或是出現(xiàn)一個(gè)藍(lán)色方框，這是表明彈出的是文字問(wèn)題。

When people with high math anxiety saw the dreaded yellow circle, theparts of their brainlinkedto pain perception lit up like a pinball machine.

當(dāng)嚴(yán)重?cái)?shù)學(xué)焦慮癥患者看到令人懼怕的黃圈時(shí)，他們腦部連接痛感的部分立刻如彈球機(jī)一般活躍起來(lái)。

People with low math anxiety didn't show much orany activity in thatpart of the brain.

輕度數(shù)學(xué)焦慮癥患者的那部分大腦則沒(méi)出現(xiàn)太多這種情況，甚至都沒(méi)有任何反應(yīng)。

So doing math problems caused real pain.

因此，解決數(shù)學(xué)難題真導(dǎo)致真實(shí)的疼痛。

Not exactly. It's the anticipation of doing math that litup the pain sensors.

并非如此。當(dāng)?shù)弥鉀Q數(shù)學(xué)難題時(shí)，疼痛感知神經(jīng)即被激活。

Actually doing math didn't cause any pain related brain activity.

事實(shí)上在做數(shù)學(xué)題的過(guò)程中并沒(méi)有觸動(dòng)任何讓人感知疼痛的腦部活動(dòng)。