萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史 第48期:事物的測(cè)定(6)

Quite what Halley expected to get from him when hemade his unannounced visit in August 1684 we canonly guess. But thanks to the later account of aNewton confidant, Abraham DeMoivre, we do have arecord of one of science's most historic encounters:

1684年8月，哈雷不請(qǐng)自來(lái)，登門拜訪牛頓。他指望從牛頓那里得到什么幫助，我們只能猜測(cè)。但是，多虧一位牛頓的密友--亞伯拉罕•棣莫佛后來(lái)寫的一篇敘述，我們才有了一篇有關(guān)科學(xué)界一次最有歷史意義的會(huì)見的記錄：

In 1684 Dr Halley came to visit at Cambridge (and)after they had some time together the Drasked him what he thought the curve would be thatwould be described by the Planets supposing the force of attraction toward the Sun to bereciprocal to the square of their distance from it.

1684年，哈雷博士來(lái)劍橋拜訪。他們?cè)谝黄鸫艘粫?huì)兒以后，博士問(wèn)他，要是太陽(yáng)的引力與行星離太陽(yáng)距離的平方成反比，他認(rèn)為行星運(yùn)行的曲線會(huì)是什么樣的。

This was a reference to a piece of mathematics known as the inverse square law, which Halleywas convinced lay at the heart of the explanation, though he wasn't sure exactly how.

這里提到的是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，名叫平方反比律。哈雷堅(jiān)信，這是解釋問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，雖然他對(duì)其中的奧妙沒(méi)有把握。

Sr Isaac replied immediately that it would be an (ellipse). The Doctor, struck with joy andamazement, asked him how he knew it. 'Why,' saith he, 'I have calculated it,' whereuponDrHalley asked him for his calculation without farther delay, SrIsaac looked among his papersbut could not find it.

艾薩克•牛頓馬上回答說(shuō)，會(huì)是一個(gè)橢圓。博士又高興又驚訝，問(wèn)他是怎么知道的。"哎呀，"他說(shuō)，"我已經(jīng)計(jì)算過(guò)。"接著，哈雷博士馬上要他的計(jì)算材料。艾薩克爵士在材料堆里翻了一會(huì)兒，但是找不著。

This was astounding—like someone saying he had found a cure for cancer but couldn'tremember where he had put the formula. Pressed by Halley, Newton agreed to redo thecalculations and produce a paper. He did as promised, but then did much more. He retired fortwo years of intensive reflection and scribbling, and at length produced his masterwork: thePhilosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica or Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy,better known as the Principia .

這是很令人吃驚的--猶如有人說(shuō)他已經(jīng)找到了治愈癌癥的方法，但又記不清處方放在哪里了。在哈雷的敦促之下，牛頓答應(yīng)再算一遍，便拿出了一張紙。他按諾言做了，但做得要多得多。有兩年時(shí)間，他閉門不出，精心思,最后他終于成就了一部杰作，自然哲學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)原理和自然哲學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)原理，人們習(xí)慣稱呼它為更好地稱為原理。