萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史 第18期:如何營(yíng)造一個(gè)宇宙(10)

What is extraordinary from our point of view is howwell it turned out for us. If the universe had formedjust a tiny bit differently—if gravity were fractionallystronger or weaker, if the expansion had proceededjust a little more slowly or swiftly—then there mightnever have been stable elements to make you andme and the ground we stand on. Had gravity been atrifle stronger, the universe itself might havecollapsed like a badly erected tent, without preciselythe right values to give it the right dimensions anddensity and component parts. Had it been weaker,however, nothing would have coalesced. The universe would have remained forever a dull,scattered void.

從我們的角度來(lái)看，令人不可思議的是，這個(gè)結(jié)果對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是那么完美。只要宇宙的形式稍稍不同--只要引力稍稍強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)或弱一點(diǎn)，只要膨脹稍稍慢一點(diǎn)或快一點(diǎn)--那么，也許就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有穩(wěn)定的元素來(lái)制造你和我，制造我們腳底下的地面。只要引力稍稍強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)，宇宙本身會(huì)像個(gè)沒(méi)有支好的帳篷那樣塌下來(lái)，也就沒(méi)有恰到好處的值來(lái)賦予自己必要的大小、密度和組成部分。然而，要是弱了一點(diǎn)，什么東西也不會(huì)聚集在一起。宇宙會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)是單調(diào)、分散、虛空的。

This is one reason that some experts believe there may have been many other big bangs,perhaps trillions and trillions of them, spread through the mighty span of eternity, and thatthe reason we exist in this particular one is that this is one we could exist in. As Edward P.Tryon of Columbia University once put it: "In answer to the question of why it happened, I offerthe modest proposal that our Universe is simply one of those things which happen from timeto time." To which adds Guth: "Although the creation of a universe might be very unlikely,Tryon emphasized that no one had counted the failed attempts."

有的專家之所以認(rèn)為也許有好多別的大爆炸，也許有幾萬(wàn)億次大爆炸，分布在無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的永恒里，這就是原因之一;我們之所以存在于這個(gè)特定的宇宙，是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)宇宙適合于我們的存在。正如哥倫比亞大學(xué)的愛(ài)德華?P.特賴恩所說(shuō)："要回答它為什么產(chǎn)生了，我的敝見(jiàn)是，我們的宇宙只是那些不時(shí)產(chǎn)生的東西之一。"對(duì)此，古思補(bǔ)充說(shuō)："雖然創(chuàng)建一個(gè)宇宙不大可能，但特賴恩強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)，誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)失敗的次數(shù)。"