萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史 第15期:如何營(yíng)造一個(gè)宇宙(7)

Although everyone calls it the Big Bang, many bookscaution us not to think of it as an explosion in theconventional sense. It was, rather, a vast, suddenexpansion on a whopping scale. So what caused it?

雖然人人都稱其為大爆炸，但許多書上都提醒我們，不要把它看做是普通意義上的爆炸，而是一次范圍和規(guī)模都極其大的突然爆炸。那么，它的原因是什么?

One notion is that perhaps the singularity was therelic of an earlier, collapsed universe—that we'rejust one of an eternal cycle of expanding andcollapsing universes, like the bladder on an oxygenmachine. Others attribute the Big Bang to what they call "a false vacuum" or "a scalar field" or"vacuum energy"—some quality or thing, at any rate, that introduced a measure ofinstability into the nothingness that was. It seems impossible that you could get somethingfrom nothing, but the fact that once there was nothing and now there is a universe is evidentproof that you can.

有人認(rèn)為，那個(gè)奇點(diǎn)也許是早年業(yè)已毀滅的宇宙的殘余--我們的宇宙只是一系列宇宙中的一個(gè)。這些宇宙周而復(fù)始，不停地?cái)U(kuò)大和毀滅，就像一臺(tái)制氧機(jī)上的氣囊。有的人把大爆炸歸因于所謂的"偽真空"，或"標(biāo)量場(chǎng)"，或"真空能"--反正是某種物質(zhì)或東西，將一定量的不穩(wěn)定性帶進(jìn)了當(dāng)時(shí)的不存在。從不存在獲得某種存在，這似乎不大可能，但過(guò)去什么也不存在，現(xiàn)在有了個(gè)宇宙，事實(shí)證明這顯然是可能的。

It may be that our universe is merely part of many larger universes, some in differentdimensions, and that Big Bangs are going on all the time all over the place. Or it may be thatspace and time had some other forms altogether before the Big Bang—forms too alien for us toimagine—and that the Big Bang represents some sort of transition phase, where the universewent from a form we can't understand to one we almost can. “These are very close to religiousquestions,” Dr. Andrei Linde, a cosmologist at Stanford, told the New York Times in 2001.

情況也許是，我們的宇宙只是眾多更大的、大小不等的宇宙的部分，大爆炸到處不停地發(fā)生。要不然也許是，在那次大爆炸之前，時(shí)間和空間具有某種完全不同的形式--那些形式我們非常不熟悉，因此無(wú)法想像--大爆炸代表某個(gè)過(guò)渡階段，宇宙從一種我們無(wú)法理解的形式過(guò)渡到一種我們幾乎可以理解的形式。"這與宗教問(wèn)題很相似。"斯坦福大學(xué)的宇宙學(xué)家安德烈·林德博士2001年對(duì)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的記者說(shuō)。