世界小史 第81期:城市的公民
These laws were so strict that people still speak of Draconian1 severity.
這些法律十分嚴厲以致人們今天還在談論德拉古的嚴厲。
But the people of Athens, who had roamed the seas in their ships, and had heard and seen so many different things, did not consent to this for long.
但是雅典人民乘坐他們的船四處遠航，見多識廣，他們沒有長久容忍這種狀況。
It was, in fact, a nobleman who had the wisdom to try to give the little state a new system of government.
事實上，有一個貴族竟然如此賢明，想在整個小國家中建立一種新的制度。
His name was Solon, and the laws he introduced in 594 BC – at the time of Nebuchadnezzar – were named after him.
他的名字叫梭倫，他在公元前594年創(chuàng)立的法律——也就是在尼布甲尼撒時期——以他的名字命名。
They stated that the people, that is, the city's inhabitants, should decide the city's affairs themselves.
該法律規(guī)定這個民族，即這座城市的公民，應該自己決定城市的事務。
They should assemble in the marketplace of Athens and vote.
他們應該集合在雅典的集市投票表決。
The majority should decide and should elect a council of experts to put those decisions into effect.
根據多數人的意志作出決定，也選舉一些有經驗的人組成委員會，讓這個委員會去實施作出的決定。
This sort of government is called democracy, or "the rule of the people", in Greek.
這樣的政府叫民主政治，或在希臘語中叫“統(tǒng)治人民”。
This didn't mean that everyone who lived in Athens was entitled to vote in the Assembly.
當然并非每一個居住在雅典的人都有權在大會上有表決。
Citizenship2 depended on wealth and influence, and many people, including women and slaves, played no part in government.
這要視個人的財產狀況和影響力而定，許多雅典居民，包括婦女和奴隸并不參與執(zhí)政。
But many Athenians could at least have their say, and so they took an interest in how their city was run.
但許多雅典居民至少能各抒己見，所以每個人也就都對城市的各項事務感興趣。
"Polis" is Greek for city, 'politics', the affairs of a city.
“Polis”在希臘語中的意思是城市，城邦，“politics”就是一個城市的事務。
