CNN News: 人類DNA

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 172 people. That includes these three men: Aziz Sancar, Paul Modrich, and Tomas Lindahl. They won the 2015 prize. Their work focusing on how proteins repair our DNA when it gets damage.

自1901年，諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)已經(jīng)授予給了172人。這其中包括阿齊茲·桑賈爾(Aziz Sancar)、保羅·莫德里奇 (Paul Modrich)、托馬斯·林達(dá)爾( Tomas Lindahl)。這三個(gè)人獲得了2015年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。他們的研究主要集中在蛋白質(zhì)如何修復(fù)損傷的蛋白質(zhì)。

CNN`s Dr. Sanjay Gupta guides us up a spiral staircase of knowledge about human DNA.

CNN的桑杰·古普塔引導(dǎo)我們了解人類DNA的螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, it`s the genetic formula that tells your cells how to build you into you and no one else.

DNA是一種脫氧核苷酸，這種遺傳公式告訴你的細(xì)胞如何構(gòu)建你的身體。

Think of your DNA as four Legos that like to play in pairs, A and T, C and G, along a spiral staircase called the "Double Helix". Those pairs form building blocks of code called genes. They become the blueprint for your hair, eyes, body shape and everything else that makes you unique.

把你的DNA想象成愛玩的成對(duì)的積木，A和T，C和G，同時(shí)還有一個(gè)叫做“雙螺旋”的螺旋梯。這些成對(duì)的構(gòu)建模塊的代碼稱作基因。這些基因成為你頭發(fā)、研究、體型，以及其他一切讓你獨(dú)一無二的藍(lán)圖。

You have over 20,000 genes, created from about 3 billion pairs, so it`s easy to see why no other human will have the exact same pattern of DNA.

你有2萬多個(gè)基因，可以創(chuàng)造30億對(duì)基因，所以很容易明白為什么人類沒有完全相同的DNA.

你有20000多個(gè)基因,創(chuàng)造了從約30億雙,所以很容易看到為什么沒有其他人類DNA的完全相同的模式

Unless, of course, you have an identical twin. Each cell in your body has about six feet of DNA, unravel them all and your DNA would stretch from here to Pluto 18.5 times.

除非，你有完全相同的雙胞胎。你身體的每個(gè)細(xì)胞有6英尺的DNA，解開所有的DNA，從這里到冥王星的18.5倍。

But to live inside each cell`s microscopic nucleus, each long strand of DNA gets wrapped like a noodle into 46 chromosomes. You got those chromosomes from your parents, 23 from dad, 23 from mom. There is one from dad that is special, it determines if you`re a girl or a buy.

但是，生活在每一個(gè)細(xì)胞的微核，每個(gè)長鏈DNA包含46條染色體。你從父母那里分別得到23條染色體。其中有一條來自父親的特殊的染色體，該條染色體決定了你的性別。

Our DNA is only about 1 percent different from a chimpanzee. But that tiny change has made all we know and accomplish possible.

我們?nèi)祟惖腄NA和黑猩猩的DNA僅存在1%的區(qū)別。但是這1%的不同讓我們知道的一些事情變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。