GRE填空和閱讀考試中的同義詞

　　GRE是一個選拔性考試，ETS的職責(zé)是幫助大學(xué)研究生院把適合學(xué)術(shù)研究的、推理能力強(qiáng)的人才選拔出來。這一點(diǎn)就決定了GRE填空的同義重復(fù)和反義重復(fù)不能過于直白，也就是說，ETS必然要在遵守規(guī)則的前提下尋求變化。

　　ETS所尋求的變化，在反義重復(fù)方面變化空間并不大，無非是把詞匯變得難一些，因?yàn)閷α⒍值母拍钸€是很容易分辨的。在同義重復(fù)方面，ETS的變化空間就要大得多，因?yàn)橥瑯右粋€意思可以用很多的方式來表達(dá)。這就需要我們具有更強(qiáng)一些的語言功底和主動尋找的意識。

　　舉例說明：找出兩對同義詞。

　　37.5. Although some consider forcefulness and persistence to be two traits desirable to the same degree, I think that making a violent effort is much less useful than maintaining a steady one.

　　58.3. Joe spoke of superfluous and vital matters with exactly the same degree of intensity, as though for him serious mattered neither more nor less than did trivialities.

　　9.2. A perennial goal in zoology is to infer function from structure, relating the behavior of am organism to its physical form and cellular organization.

　　11.7. When theories formerly considered to be disinterested in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias, then the presumed neutrality of science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human construction.

　　值得說明的是，尋找同義重復(fù)的意識和能力不僅對于GRE填空重要，對于GRE閱讀理解同樣重要。

　　閱讀段落，找同義詞反義詞。(摘自黃皮書閱讀理解教程(中國環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社)E36,P160)

　　The most vivid expression of such errors occurs in genetically identical( isogenic ) organisms. Even when reared under the same conditions, isogenic organisms are rarely exact copies of one another, and their differences have revealed much about the random variations that result from an organism’s limited supply of genetic information. In isogenic Daphniae, for example, even though the position, size, and branching pattern of each optic neuron are remarkably constant, there is some variability in connectivity, and the number of synapses varies greatly. This variability is probably the result of random scatter beyond the resolution of genetic control and is best termed “imprecision”, since its converse, the degree of clustering about a mean, is conventionally, called “precision”.

　　在該段中, “同樣”的意思用了很多種表達(dá)方法：identical; same; exact copies; constant; precision

　　“不同”的意思也用了很多種表達(dá)方法：errors; difference; random variations; variability; varies; random scatter; imprecison