歷屆美國總統(tǒng)介紹:第19任總統(tǒng) 陸斯佛得·比察·海斯

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　　Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Ohio in 1822. He was the 19th President of the United States. He studied at Harvard Law School and then worked as a lawyer for five years. In 1850, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer. He gained a healthy political reputation for defending fugitive slaves and was nominated for several senior legal positions.

　　1822年，陸斯佛得·比察·海斯出生于俄亥俄州。他是美國第19任總統(tǒng)。他曾就讀于哈佛法學院，之后做了五年的律師。1850年，他搬到了辛辛那提，在那里他成長成為了一名年輕的輝格黨律師。因反對奴隸制度而贏得了良好的政治聲譽，這讓他提名了許多法律要員。

　　He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action five times. He earned a reputation for bravery and rose to the rank of major general. While still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the nomination and was elected by a heavy majority. Hayes entered Congress in December 1865. Between 1867 and 1876 he served three terms as Governor of Ohio.

　　他參加了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，并受傷了5次。他贏得了英勇的稱號，并晉升為了少將。在軍隊期間，辛辛那提的共和黨人讓他競選眾議院議員。他接受了提名，并以絕對優(yōu)勢選舉。1865年，海斯進入了國會。1867-1876年之間，他擔任了三屆俄亥俄州州長。

　　In 1876, Hayes ran against Samuel J. Tilden in the closest election race in U.S. history. Disputes over the vote counting meant that if all the disputed votes went to Hayes, he would win; a single one would electTilden. Hayes was elected days before inauguration day after a compromise with the Democrats that he wouldremove all federal troops from the South. The final electoral vote was 185 to 184.

　　1876年，海斯與塞繆爾·蒂爾登進行了一場美國歷史上實力最為接近的選舉。這場唱票之爭意味著如果所有的爭議投票歸海斯所有，那么他將獲勝;有一票是投給蒂爾登的。選舉之后的幾天之后，海斯進行了就職演說，在這之前他向民主黨進行了妥協(xié)，移除了在南方的所有聯(lián)邦軍隊。最終的投票結(jié)果是185比184。

　　Hayes pledged protection of the rights of black slaves in the South. He hoped the withdrawal of troops there would lead to reconciliation. Many Southern leaders approved of Hayes’ economic policies and financialconservatism. He reformed the civil service and saw the beginning of an era of greater prosperity. He leftoffice in 1881 and died of a heart attack at his home in January 1893, aged 70.

　　海斯承諾保護南方黑人奴隸的權(quán)利。他希望退軍能夠促成和解。許多南方的領(lǐng)導人贊成海斯的經(jīng)濟政策和財政保護主義。他重新改革了公務(wù)員制度，美國開啟了繁榮的新時代。1881年。海斯離任，1893年，在家中死于心臟病，享年70歲。

本篇內(nèi)容翻譯來自可可英語網(wǎng)。