歷屆美國總統(tǒng)介紹:第14任總統(tǒng) 富蘭克林·皮爾斯

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Franklin Pierce was born in New Hampshire in 1804. He was the 14th President of the United States. Pierce attended Bowdoin College. After graduation he studied law and then entered politics. At the age of 24 he was elected to the New Hampshire legislature; two years later he became its Speaker. During the1830's he went to Washington, first as a Representative, then as a Senator.

富蘭克林·皮爾斯于1804年出生于新罕布什爾州。他曾是美國的第14任總統(tǒng)。皮爾斯曾就讀于鮑登學(xué)院。畢業(yè)之后，他學(xué)習(xí)了法學(xué)，之后進(jìn)入了政壇。在他24歲時(shí)，他成為了新罕布什爾州議會(huì)會(huì)員，兩年后，他成為了新罕布什爾州議會(huì)議長。19世紀(jì)30年代，他來到了華盛頓，并成為了美國眾議員，之后又成為了參議員。

He decided to volunteer to fight in the Mexican-erican War and rose to the rank of colonel. He rose through the ranks and became a brigadier, taking command of his own brigade. During the Battle of Contreras he was seriously wounded in the leg when he fell off his horse. Despite the pain, he returned to battle the next day. He proved his skill as a military commander by going on to capture Mexico City.

在墨西哥戰(zhàn)爭期間，他自愿出征，并升為上校。之后又成為了準(zhǔn)將，并開始領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自己的軍隊(duì)。在康崔拉斯戰(zhàn)役期間，他摔下了馬，摔傷了腿，傷勢嚴(yán)重。但是他不顧傷勢，并在第二天重新回到了戰(zhàn)場。他占領(lǐng)了墨西哥城，從這一方面也證明了他作為軍事指揮家的能力。

After the Mexican War Pierce ran for the 1852 Presidential nomination. He won with a narrow margin of the popular vote. In his Inaugural speech he proclaimedan era of peace and prosperity at home and a more forceful foreign policy. This included trying to persuade Spain to sell Cuba. He also purchased the area now comprising southern Arizona and part of southern New Mexico for $10,000,000.

墨西哥戰(zhàn)役之后，皮爾斯成為了1852年美國總統(tǒng)的候選人，并以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝。在他的就職演說中，他提出讓美國進(jìn)入和平、繁榮的時(shí)代，并實(shí)施更加激進(jìn)的對外政策。這包括勸西班牙售賣古巴。他還花費(fèi)了一千萬美金購買了現(xiàn)如今包括亞利桑那州南部，以及新墨西哥州南部的地區(qū)。

Pierce upset the delicate north-south balance in 1854 when he passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This reopened the question of slavery in the West as it allowed residents of the new territories to decide the slaveryquestion for themselves. The result was a rush by southerners and northerners into Kansas. Shooting broke out, and "bleeding Kansas" became a prelude to the Civil War. Pierce died in 1869.

1854年，皮爾斯通過了堪薩斯—內(nèi)布拉斯加法案，這一行為打亂了南北之間的平衡，并再一次引發(fā)了西方的奴隸制問題，因?yàn)檫@一法案允許新開發(fā)地區(qū)的居民自行解決奴隸制問題。這一結(jié)果導(dǎo)致南方軍和北方軍進(jìn)入堪薩斯?？八_斯內(nèi)戰(zhàn)也為美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)拉開了序曲。皮爾斯死于1869年。