歷屆美國總統(tǒng)介紹:第5任總統(tǒng) 詹姆斯·門羅

James Monroe was born in Virginia in 1758. He was America's fifth President and the last who was a Founding Father of the U.S.A. He inherited hisfather's plantation and fortune when he was 16. In1776 Monroe dropped out of college to join theArmy. He returned to academic life from 1780 to 1783 to study law under Thomas Jefferson. He felt alegal career would offer him "the most immediaterewards".

1758年，詹姆斯·門羅在弗吉尼亞州出生。他是美國第五任總統(tǒng)，同時也是美國最后一位開國元勛。他16歲時繼承了父親的農(nóng)場和財富。門羅1776年輟學從軍。他于1780年至1783年重返學術(shù)生活，在托馬斯·杰斐遜的門下學習法律。他認為律師職業(yè)能給予他“最直接的回報”。

In 1782, Monroe was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served in the Continental Congress between 1783 and 1786. As a youthful politician, he joined the anti-Federalists inthe Virginia Convention which ratified the Constitution. In 1790, he was elected as a United States Senator. He served as Minister to France from 1794 to 1796 and helped negotiate theLouisiana Purchase.

門羅1782年被選為弗吉尼亞州眾議院代表，1783年至1786年任職于美國大陸會議。他在弗吉尼亞州大會上加入了反聯(lián)邦黨人一派，那時他還是位年輕的政治家。他于1790年被選為美國參議員。他于1794年至1796年擔任駐法公使，協(xié)助談判路易斯安那購買案。

His ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madison, made him the Republican choice for the Presidency in 1816 and he was easily elected with little opposition.The Federalist opposition collapsed in disarray towards the end of his first term in office andhe won re-election unopposed in 1820 for a second term as President.

他的野心、精力，以及麥迪遜總統(tǒng)的支持，使他成為了1816年共和黨總統(tǒng)的首選。他后來以絕對優(yōu)勢當選為美國總統(tǒng)。聯(lián)邦反對黨在他的第一個任期即將結(jié)束時陷入混亂。他于1820年又以極大優(yōu)勢獲得美國總統(tǒng)的連任。

Monroe made strong Cabinet choices, naming a Southerner, John C. Calhoun, as Secretary ofWar, and a northerner, John Quincy Adams, as Secretary of State. In 1823 Monroe introduceda policy warning against European intervention in the Americas. Twenty years after he died in1831, this became known as the Monroe Doctrine. It is still used by modern-day presidents.

門羅組建了一個強有力的內(nèi)閣班子，他任命南方人約翰·卡德威爾·卡爾霍恩（John C. Calhoun）為美國戰(zhàn)爭部長，北方人約翰·昆西·亞當斯（John Quincy Adams）為美國國務(wù)卿。門羅1823年發(fā)出政治警告，反對歐洲干預美洲事務(wù)。1831年門羅去世，20年后，這個政治警告被稱為“門羅主義”。美國總統(tǒng)至今依以“門羅主義”作為指南。