英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力小短文走遍全世界: 信息高速公路——世界盡在你掌中

英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力原文：

Some historians say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower's presidency(總統(tǒng)任期) in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a massive project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human endeavors as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower's interstate highways bound the nation together in new ways and facilitated major economic growth by making commerce less expensive. Today, an information superhighway has been built - an electronic network that connects libraries, corporations, government agencies and individuals. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, and it is the backbone(主干) of the World Wide Web.

一些歷史學(xué)家說(shuō)，德懷特·艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)在20世紀(jì)50年代最重要的貢獻(xiàn)就是建立了美國(guó)的洲際公路系統(tǒng)。這是一個(gè)巨大的項(xiàng)目，輕易就超過(guò)了先前人們所努力修剪的巴拿馬運(yùn)河的規(guī)模。艾森豪威爾的洲際公路使整個(gè)國(guó)家以新的方式連接在一起，并且通過(guò)減少貿(mào)易費(fèi)用推動(dòng)了主要經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)?，F(xiàn)如今，信息高速公路已經(jīng)建成——即一種電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它將圖書(shū)館、公司、政府機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人連接在了一起。這種電子高速公路被稱(chēng)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，它也是萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的支柱。

The Internet had its origins in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network alled ARPAnet, which stood for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagon built the network for military contractors and universities doing military research to exchange information. In 1983 the National Science Foundation (NSF), whose mission is to promote science, took over.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)起源于1969年美國(guó)國(guó)防部被稱(chēng)為阿帕網(wǎng)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，阿帕網(wǎng)代表的是高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃網(wǎng)絡(luò)。美國(guó)國(guó)防部建立這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是為了軍事承包商和大學(xué)里的軍事研究院進(jìn)行信息交流。1983年，以促進(jìn)科學(xué)發(fā)展為使命的國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)(NSF)接管了過(guò)來(lái)。

This new NSF network attracted more and more institutional users, many of which had their own internal networks. For example, most universities that joined the NSF network had intracampus computer networks. The NSF network then bacame a connector for thousands of other networks. As a backbone system that interconnects networks, internet was a name that fit.

這種新的國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)吸引了越來(lái)越多的機(jī)關(guān)用戶(hù)，其中許多都有自己的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)。例如，大多數(shù)加入美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的大學(xué)都有校內(nèi)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。于是NSF的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起了成千上萬(wàn)的其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)。作為連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)的支柱系統(tǒng)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這個(gè)名稱(chēng)最為合適。

So we can see that the Internet is the wired infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) on which web messages move. It began sa a military communication system, which expand into a government-funded civilian research network.

因此，我們可以看到，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是承載信息的有線(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。它是作為軍事通訊系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始的，而后擴(kuò)展成為政府資助的民用科研網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying institutions of many sorts together into an "information superhighway".

如今，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個(gè)將各式各樣的機(jī)構(gòu)捆綁在一起成為“信息高速公路”的用戶(hù)融資系統(tǒng)。

英語(yǔ)詞匯整理：

1. interstate adj. 洲際的

eg: They are planning to build an interstate bridge.

他們計(jì)劃建一座州際大橋。

短語(yǔ)：

interstate commerce 州際貿(mào)易，州際商業(yè)

interstate commerce commission 美國(guó)政府州際商務(wù)委員會(huì)

2. surpass v. 超越;勝過(guò)

eg: To be in love is to surpass oneself.

人在愛(ài)中超越自我。

短語(yǔ)：

surpass in 在…方面超過(guò)

surpass sb by sth 以…超過(guò)某人

surpass one's expectation 超出某人的預(yù)料

3. previous adj. 先前的

eg: He said he had arrived on the previous night.

他說(shuō)他是在前一天夜里到達(dá)的。

短語(yǔ)：

previous year 前一年

previous generation 前代;當(dāng)代

previous period 前期

previous page 上一頁(yè)，前一頁(yè);返回上一級(jí)菜單

previous question(國(guó)會(huì)議事程序中作為動(dòng)議提出的)先決問(wèn)題

previous to 在…以前;在…之前

previous to sb's arrival 在某人到達(dá)之前

4. endeavor n. 努力

eg: Our endeavor was valuable.

我們的努力是有價(jià)值的!

短語(yǔ)：

endeavor in 致力于

endeavor to 盡力

5. bound v. 結(jié)合，綁定

eg: He was bound by his promise.

他受到自己諾言的約束。

短語(yǔ)：

be boun up with 與…緊密相連，與…息息相關(guān)，與…有密切關(guān)系;與…結(jié)合在一起

I dare bound.=I'll be bound. [口語(yǔ)]我敢肯定。

in duty bound 義不容辭，有責(zé)任

in honor bound 在道義上必須;無(wú)論如何要

bound for開(kāi)往…

be bound by受…約束;由…聯(lián)系起來(lái)

6. facilitate v. 促進(jìn)

eg: Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.

各國(guó)人民的友好接觸促進(jìn)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)交流。

短語(yǔ)：

facilitate communication 促進(jìn)溝通;方便聯(lián)系;溝通

facilitate with 使變得容易用

7. contractor n. 承包商

eg: The system will be operated by contractor personnel.

該系統(tǒng)將由承包商工作人員操作。

短語(yǔ)：

building contractor 建筑承包商

prime contractor 總承包人;主要承包商

8. institutional adj. 機(jī)構(gòu)的

eg: NATO remains the United States' chief institutional anchor in Europe.

北大西洋公約組織仍然是美國(guó)在歐洲的主要支柱機(jī)構(gòu)。

短語(yǔ)：

institutional economics 制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

institutional factor制度因素

institutional shareholders 法人股東

institutional sales 機(jī)構(gòu)式銷(xiāo)售;公共飲食業(yè)

9. civilian adj. 民用的，公民的

eg: Holding his ground, he told them they could not insulate themselves from significant changes in civilian society.

堅(jiān)守他的地產(chǎn),他告訴孩子們不能使自己從平民的顯著改變社會(huì)。

短語(yǔ)：

civilian worker 民工;農(nóng)民工

civilian population 平民;平均人口

civilian construction民用建筑

佳句采摘：

Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying institutions of many sorts together into an "information superhighway".

如今，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個(gè)將各式各樣的機(jī)構(gòu)捆綁在一起成為“信息高速公路”的用戶(hù)融資系統(tǒng)。