百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學(xué)堂85 聊一聊傳送門

Vsauce I'm Jake and being able to go from one point in 3 dimensional space to another is an incredibly cool concept and a major mechanic in the game Portal where you use wormholes as a means of physically connecting two different locations,but unfortunately that it isn't yet possible.

這里是Vsauce頻道，我是Jake,從3維空間的一個點穿越到另一個點，這是系列游戲《傳送門》的主要玩法，也很酷，傳送門是一種連接兩處現(xiàn)實世界的捷徑，但是很可惜，這種技術(shù)目前還不可能實現(xiàn)。

A wormhole is a hypothetical shortcut through spacetime and one that requires negative energy to create,however we would first have to figure out how to create negative energy...which is also hypothetical.But that shouldn't stop us from thinking with Portals,so let's start with what a Portal is.

蟲洞是人們假想的一種能夠穿越時空的捷徑，要創(chuàng)造蟲洞需要反能量，但是我們首先要搞懂如何才能創(chuàng)造反能量...而反能量也只是一種假想。但是這不應(yīng)該阻止我們?nèi)ニ伎紓魉烷T，我們先來看看什么是傳送門。

A Portal is defined as an entrance or doorway.They are gateways into different places,into new experiences and new worlds.When you were a kid on the playground if someone said the ground was lava,the ground was lava.You had entered the Magic Circle.Extra Credits has a great video all about it but imagine you're on a soccer field,in a classroom or in a court,in those places different rules apply than in normal life and we accept them.

按照定義，傳送門可以看做入口或者門是去住不同地方、融入新體驗、進入新世界的通路，小時候在操場上玩耍，如果有人說地面是巖漿，我們真的會以為，此時的你已經(jīng)踏進了魔法陣中，關(guān)于這個理念，Extra Credits出過一個闡述得很好的視頻。想象一下，如果你現(xiàn)在身處足球綠茵場、或是教室、法庭 在這些地方，我們遵守著與日常生活不同的規(guī)則。

The same goes for books,movies and video games.While playing Metal Gear Solid there was a moment when a character died that actually made me tear up.It was the first time I had cared that deeply about a character in a video game-a mesh of polygons.And that got me thinking about how we connect to fictional characters.In Frank Rose great book,The Art of Immersion he mentions an experiment by former game designer-Demis Hassabis in which he took patients suffering from a disease that affects memory and had them imagine laying on a beach.

書籍、電影和游戲也是如此，我在玩《合金裝備》時，曾經(jīng)為某個角色的死亡落淚。這是我第一次深深地為一個游戲中的角色擔(dān)憂——其實就是——這讓我思考我們與虛擬人物的關(guān)系。在《The Art of Immersion》一書中，作者Frank Rose提到了前游戲設(shè)計師Demis Hassabis做過的一項實驗，在實驗中他讓疾病導(dǎo)致記憶力受損的病人想象自己正躺在沙灘上。

One of the subjects could see the color blue,hear birds,the sound of the ocean and some ship horns.That was as much as he could imagine.A control subject,someone with the full capability of their memory was asked the same thing and they described the sun,the sand,the heat,the color,of the sea,and saw palm trees running along the beach.

其中一名病人說自己看到了藍色、聽到了鳥叫、海浪聲和船只的這名病人所能想象的就是這些景象。在對照組中，也就是記憶完全沒有受損的人，他們對同樣問題的回答中描述了太陽、海沙、熾熱的感覺、大海的顏色還有沿著海岸栽種的棕櫚樹。

What Hassabis discovered was that our memories are what help us form our imagination,they're what allow us to integrate naturally with imaged settings.His over all goal was to form a model of human brain function enabling game designers to make characters with emotions,memories and thoughts.To create an intelligent artificial intelligence.It is the reason why a game like The Sims was so revolutionary.It felt like the characters,the sims,had virtual free will.

Hassabis 發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶可以幫助我們進行想象，正是有了記憶，我們才能自然而然地與影像進行互動。他的目的是構(gòu)建出一個具有人腦功能的模型可以讓游戲設(shè)計都設(shè)計出帶有情感、記憶和思想的角色。制作出一個能理解人的人工智能。這也是為什么《模擬人生》這類游戲能夠帶來如此巨大變革的原因。我們好像覺得《模擬人生》里面的角色真的有自由意志一樣。

We'd place them in a world that we helped shape but we never knew the exact outcome.The game would act as a portal into an alternate version of our own reality -one that we felt we have more control of,When you enter a virtual world,an important aspect that keeps you engaged is the illusiion of choice,that decisions you make will affect the outcome of the game.even though the reality it's already been pre-programmed,even it has multiple endings.

他們生活在我們搭建的世界，但是我們永遠不知道確切結(jié)局。游戲的作用就像通往另一個現(xiàn)實世界的傳送門——一個我們認為能夠操控的世界，當你踏入虛擬世界，讓你能夠一直投入其中的重要因素，就是“你能做出選擇”這個假象，玩家做出的選擇會影響游戲的結(jié)局，但是現(xiàn)實是，游戲的結(jié)局再多都是預(yù)定程序。

The Stanley Parble does a great job of making the illusion of choice a center piece in the game and then mocking it.Stanley took the first open door and then he left,Stanley was so bad in following the directions,it's incredible he wasn't fired years ago.One of the reasons multiplay games like Counter-Strike and World of Warcraft are still so active is because the characters you are playing against are people,completely unpredictable people.

游戲《史丹利的寓言》很成功地將選擇假象作為游戲的核心內(nèi)容。游戲旁白：史丹利來到第一扇打開的門前，又離開了，史丹利如此不服從命令，幾年前就該被開除了，《反恐精英》和《魔獸世界》這種多玩家游戲至今依然如此盛行，是因為和你對抗的是真人玩家，是完全無法預(yù)測的人類玩家。

There has always been that instinctive urge,that desire to live inside the fictional worlds of the books we've read,movies we've watched or the virtual ones of games we've played.And faster than ever before,technology is getting us there.he Oculus Rift allows us to explore the boiler room from Spirited Away,be teleported to the bustling streets of Tokyo or maneuver your way through City 17 in Half Life 2-all without leaving your home.

我們天生就渴望生活在書本、電影和游戲的虛擬世界中，今天的技術(shù)正以前所未有的速度實現(xiàn)我們的夢想。有了Oculus Rift,我們可以探尋《千與千尋》中的鍋爐房，也可以傳送到熙熙攘攘的東京街頭，還能漫步《半條命2》中的一切無需離開你家就能實現(xiàn)。

Even when we're being passive and watching content on television,the experience is becoming more immersive.Samsung was the first to create curved ultra high definition televisions,displaying images 4 times that of HD.The first time I watched a movie on one it felt like looking through a window.And right now you are starting at the biggest portal imaginable...the Internet.

就連看電視這種被動體驗也變得更有浸入感。三星是第一個推出曲面高清電視的廠家，這種電視的分辨率可以，我第一次在觀看這臺電視播放的電影還以為自己看的是一扇窗戶。此時此刻，你也在盯著我們能夠想象的最大的一扇傳送門....互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

You can start on the wikipedia page for Jelly Doughnut and,4 link clicks later,end up on the Meaning of Life.You can go on reddit and explore fictional worlds other people have made in the World Building sub reddit.You can go to college,watch pretty much any movie,read any book and if there is a story you wish existed there is probably a fanfiction of it or at least an epic rap battle.

你可以先從維基上觀看果凍甜甜圈的頁面，經(jīng)過四次鏈接跳轉(zhuǎn)后，你就來到了“生命的意義”這個頁面。在Reddit-World Building子版塊中，你可以探索由其它網(wǎng)友構(gòu)建出的眾多虛擬世界。你可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上讀大學(xué)、看電影、讀書....這里有同人小說或者一場Rap大戰(zhàn)。

And with this incredible portal that we have now,we are spending more and more time in virtual reality.We interact virtually,we shop virtually,we live virtually...at least part of us does and we also consume a lot more information than ever before.There are people that say that we spend too much time playing video games or on computers,but there were also people in the 19th century who had the same fears about reading too many novels.

如今這些神奇的傳送門讓我們耗在虛擬現(xiàn)實上的時間越來越多。我們的互動、購物、生活方式都已經(jīng)虛擬化....至少我們之中的一部分人是如此，我們消耗的信息也比從前大得多。有人說現(xiàn)在的人們花在游戲或者計算機上的時間過多，但是想想19世紀，那時候人們還對看太多小說表示過擔(dān)憂呢?

In America in the 1940s people would gather and burn comic books.Even in 1605 the character Don Quixote"filled his imagination to bursting with everything he read in books that it became the literal truth"which led to him thinking he was a knight and jousting windmills.So what is the next progression for immersion?It may be Brain Computer Interfacing.Jan Scheuerman is a quadriplegic who had electrodes injected into the parts of her brain that activated when she thought of moving her arm and shoulder.

20世紀40年代的美國，人們曾經(jīng)將漫畫書集中焚毀，甚至早在1605年，文學(xué)作品中的堂.吉訶德就“將所有書中講到的東西想象成現(xiàn)實”他以為自己是一名騎士，還和風(fēng)車進行決斗。那么下一步浸入會怎么發(fā)展呢?可能就是腦機接口，四肢癱瘓的Jan Scheuerman在腦內(nèi)植入了電極只要她想到移動胳膊或肩膀，電極就會被激活。

Those signals were sent directly to a robotic arm,allowing her to control it.Once we can tap directly into our minds and have our sensory inputs feeding into a computer you could visit Mars without needing a spaceship.When you'd open your eyes,you'd be seeing the Red Planet.When you wanted to walk,you'd just think it and your character's legs move.

這些信號被直接傳入機械手臂，這樣她能可以進行控制了。一旦我們能夠?qū)⑺枷牒透杏X輸入信號直接輸入電腦，你就可以在不借助太空飛船的前提下參觀火星。只要你睜開雙眼，就可以看見這顆紅色行星上的景象。想走路的話，就在腦子里想一下，你操控的角色的腿就會動。

The same goes for exploring virtual worlds.And as we spend more time in these worlds,they start to bleed into our own.If I asked you right now to write a paper from memory about the history,of Batman and a paper on the history of Einstein which do you think would be longer? Which would have more detail?If I were to tell you that Batman's name was Jim Wayne,his parent's died in a car accident and his bat cave was in a Taco Bell ,you would tell me I'm wrong.

在虛擬世界瀏覽也是這個道理。我們花越來越多時間在虛擬世界的同時，虛擬世界也在漸漸滲入?，F(xiàn)在我讓你馬上憑記憶各寫一篇蝙蝠俠記和愛因斯坦記，你覺得哪篇文章會長一些?哪篇文章的細節(jié)更多?如果我說蝙蝠俠叫吉姆.維恩，父母在一次車禍中喪生，他的蝙蝠洞在一家Taco Bell快餐店里，你能分辨出其實我說錯了。

Because these are things you know about Batman,things that are truths.Just like I'd be wrong if I told you that Einstein had long black hair and had lived in an RV.If we can argue about a fictional character's history or traits,does that make them,in a sense,real?I've surprisingly,never met Abraham Lincoln but I can read about him in books,see him portrayed in movies.

因為關(guān)于蝙蝠俠的這些信息你是知道的，因為這些是事實。就像我告訴你愛因斯坦有一頭烏黑的長發(fā)，住在露營車里一樣。如果我們可以爭論虛擬角色的歷史或物質(zhì)，這能說明這些虛擬角色?我從來沒見過林肯，但是我讀過關(guān)于他的書，在電影中見過別人。

I've also never met Luke Skywalker but he is in movies and in books as well.In fact the Star Wars wiki for him has 42,000 more words than the wikipedia entry for Abraham Lincoln.But we know that Abraham Lincoln existed...so then I'd say how do we know that Luke Skywalker never existed? Sure nobody has met Skywalker but there is nobody alive that has met Lincoln.

同樣的，我也沒見過盧克.天行者，但是他也在電影和書籍出現(xiàn)。實際上維基百科上《星球大戰(zhàn)》頁面要比亞伯拉罕.林肯的頁面42，000英文單詞。而我們知道，亞伯拉罕林肯是真實存在的...所以我要說....我們?nèi)绾沃辣R克.天行者從未存在過?當然，沒人遇見過天行者，也沒有任何活著的人遇見林肯。

All we have of them are stories.And on that point... how do you know that I exist?What you're watching right now is a bunch of code that is being interpreted by a machine to display an image.If some of the code gets deleted,I become corrupted.Sure you can follow me on twitter and instagram,but you can also follow Betty Draper,a character from Mad Men on twitter.Have you ever met me?Have you seen me in real life with your own eyes?

我們知道的只有他們的故事，所以...你怎么確定我是真實存在的?你現(xiàn)在看到的不過是一大堆由機器解讀后顯示成圖像的代碼群，只要刪除其中一些代碼，我的圖像就會崩。你可以在Twitter和instagram上關(guān)注我，但是你也能關(guān)注《廣告狂人》中的虛擬角色Betty Draper,你見過我么?你在現(xiàn)實生活中親眼見過我么?

You fill in who I am by waht you know of me,by what you see of me and by your own experiences and memories to create a full picture.You have gone through a portal and entered my world and in this world we have a magic circle that you accept as true.But it isn't until we pull back that you actually get the full picture that this whole time I have just been a recording on a television screen.And as always,thanks for watching.

你只是通過你了解到的、看到的、親自體會到的關(guān)于我的信息和記憶來構(gòu)建我這個人，此時你已經(jīng)穿越某道傳送門，進入了我的世界在這個世界你以為是真實的東西，只是我的魔法陣。直到我拉伸鏡頭你才能看到完整的真相，剛剛你看到的不過是電視屏幕上播放的錄像。還是那句老話，謝謝觀看。