8-1 及物動詞和不及物動詞
任何一個英文句子必定有一個動詞,請先注意以下例句的動詞
1.He was a teacher before.
2.He went to school yesterday.
3.He hit a dog.
4.I saw you yesterday.
5.He walks to school every day.
6.He sent this book to me.
7.They are good students.
8.He wrote two novels.
9.They ate all of the apples.
10.He swims every morning.
在以上的例子中,第3、4、6、8及9句子中的動詞都是及物動詞(transitive verbs)。這些動詞后面都跟著一個名詞,而這個名詞是動詞的受詞(object),其它句子的動詞,都是不及物動詞,因為他們都沒有任何受詞。 我們將以上句子中,主詞、及物動詞和受詞的關(guān)系分析如下:
句子
He hit a dog.
I saw you yesterday.
He sent his book to me.
He wrote two novels.
They ate all of the apples.
主詞
He
I
He
He
They
及物動詞
hit
saw
sent
wrote
ate
受詞
dog
you
his book
two novels
all of the apples
一旦動詞是及物動詞,我們就可以將這個句子由原來的主動語氣(active voice)改成被動語氣(passive voice)。但我們也要警告讀者,不要輕易用被動語氣,因為有時被動語氣的句子是不自然的。