國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 62

　　1.Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu

　　Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal-Duke of Richelieu and of Fronsac (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642) was a French clergyman, noble and statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a Cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered.

　　1.黎塞留

　　阿爾芒·讓·迪普萊西·德·黎塞留(1585年9月9日-1642年12月4日)法王路易十三的宰相，及天主教的樞機(jī)。他在法國(guó)政務(wù)決策中具有主導(dǎo)性的影響力;特別是三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，他通過(guò)一系列的外交努力，為法國(guó)獲得了相當(dāng)大利益。在他當(dāng)政期間，法國(guó)專制制度得到完全鞏固，為路易十四時(shí)代的興盛打下了基礎(chǔ)。他是黎塞留公爵的開創(chuàng)者。同時(shí)，為鞏固中央集權(quán)制，黎塞留鎮(zhèn)壓農(nóng)民起義、到處收買御用文人。盡管如此，他還是被譽(yù)為出色的政治家，外交家。

　　2.John Lewis Gaddis

　　John Lewis Gaddis (born 1941 in Cotulla, Texas) is an American historian of the Cold War and grand strategy, hailed as the "Dean of Cold War Historians" by The New York Times. He is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. He is also the official biographer of the seminal 20th-century American statesman George F. Kennan. His biography of Kennan won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 2012.

　　2.約翰·劉易斯·加迪斯

　　約翰·劉易斯·加迪斯(1941年-)，在美國(guó)德州科圖拉出生，是以研究冷戰(zhàn)和大戰(zhàn)略出名的歷史學(xué)家，被紐約時(shí)報(bào)譽(yù)為“冷戰(zhàn)史學(xué)泰斗”。他是耶魯大學(xué)軍事和海軍歷史的羅伯特·洛維特講座教授。他寫的20世紀(jì)美國(guó)政治家喬治·凱南的官方傳記，獲得2012年普立茲傳記文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

　　3.Herbert Spencer

　　Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era. Spencer's reputation among the Victorians owed a great deal to his agnosticism. He rejected theology as representing the 'impiety of the pious.' He was to gain much notoriety from his repudiation of traditional religion, and was frequently condemned by religious thinkers for allegedly advocating atheism and materialism. Nonetheless, unlike Thomas Henry Huxley, whose agnosticism was a militant creed directed at 'the unpardonable sin of faith' (in Adrian Desmond's phrase), Spencer insisted that he was not concerned to undermine religion in the name of science, but to bring about a reconciliation of the two.

　　3.赫伯特·斯賓塞

　　赫伯特·斯賓塞(1820年4月27日-1903年12月8日)，英國(guó)哲學(xué)家。他為人所共知的就是“社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義之父”，所提出一套的學(xué)說(shuō)把進(jìn)化理論“適者生存”應(yīng)用在社會(huì)學(xué)，尤其是教育及階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)。但是，他的著作對(duì)很多課題都有貢獻(xiàn)，包括規(guī)范、形而上學(xué)、宗教、政治、修辭、生物和心理學(xué)等等。在斯賓塞的時(shí)代存在許多著名哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家，譬如約翰·斯圖亞特·穆勒、托馬斯·亨利·赫胥黎和查爾斯·達(dá)爾文都是當(dāng)代知名的人物。