國際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 53

　　英語單詞講解 unit 53

　　1.Homer

　　Homer is best known as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. He was believed by the ancient Greeks to have been the first and greatest of the epic poets. Author of the first known literature of Europe, he had a lasting effect on the Western canon.Whether and when he lived is unknown.The importance of Homer to the ancient Greeks is described in Plato's "Republic", which portrays him as the protos didaskalos, "first teacher," of the tragedians, and the hegemon paideias, the "leader of Greek culture," who ten Hellada pepaideukon, was "the teacher of [all] Greece." Homer's works, which are about fifty percent speeches, provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient and medieval Greek worlds. Fragments of Homer account for nearly half of all identifiable Greek literary papyrus finds in Egypt.

　　1.荷馬

　　荷馬，相傳為古希臘的游吟詩人，生于小亞細(xì)亞，失明，創(chuàng)作了史詩《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》，兩者統(tǒng)稱《荷馬史詩》。目前沒有確切證據(jù)證明荷馬的存在，所以也有人認(rèn)為他是傳說中被構(gòu)造出來的人物。而關(guān)于《荷馬史詩》，大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為是當(dāng)時(shí)經(jīng)過幾個(gè)世紀(jì)口頭流傳的詩作的結(jié)晶。關(guān)于荷馬的資料很少，所以對(duì)其生平有很多說法，但都無確鑿證據(jù)。關(guān)于他的生活年代，古希臘歷史學(xué)家希羅多德認(rèn)為荷馬生活在自己的時(shí)代之前至多不超過四百年，即大約公元前850年左右。除了這個(gè)廣為接受的說法，也有人(比如修昔底德)認(rèn)為荷馬的年代離特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭的年代不遠(yuǎn)，大約是公元前12世紀(jì)早期。

　　2.Tommaso Campanella

　　Tommaso Campanella OP ( 5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.

　　2.托馬索·康帕內(nèi)拉

　　托馬索·康帕內(nèi)拉(1568年9月5日-1639年5月21日)，原名喬瓦尼·多米尼克·康帕內(nèi)拉，意大利哲學(xué)家、神學(xué)家、占星學(xué)家和詩人?？蹬羶?nèi)拉的宗教思想較為激進(jìn)，曾多次被捕，前后在獄中度過近三十年。最著名的著作是《太陽城》，他在這本書中借航海家與招待所管理員的對(duì)話，描繪了一個(gè)完全廢除私有制的社會(huì)，啟發(fā)了后來空想社會(huì)主義的眾多理論與實(shí)踐。

　　3.David Hume

　　David Hume ( 26 April 1711– 25 August 1776) was a Scottish historian, philosopher, economist, diplomat and essayist known today especially for his radical philosophical empiricism and scepticism.Having a central role in the Scottish Enlightenment, and in the history of Western philosophy, Brian Magee judged him as a philosopher "widely regarded as the greatest who has ever written in the English language." While Hume failed in his attempts to start a university career, he took part in various diplomatic and military missions of the time. He wrote The History of England which became a best-seller, and it became the standard history of England in its day.His empirical approach places him with John Locke, George Berkeley, and a handful of others at the time as a British Empiricist.

　　3.大衛(wèi)·休謨

　　大衛(wèi)·休謨(1711年4月26日-1776年8月25日)是蘇格蘭的哲學(xué)家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、和歷史學(xué)家，他被視為是蘇格蘭啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)以及西方哲學(xué)歷史中最重要的人物之一。雖然現(xiàn)代對(duì)于休謨的著作研究聚焦于其哲學(xué)思想上，他最先是以歷史學(xué)家的身分成名。他所著的《英格蘭史》一書在當(dāng)時(shí)成為英格蘭歷史學(xué)界的基礎(chǔ)著作長達(dá)60至70年。歷史學(xué)家們一般將休謨的哲學(xué)歸類為徹底的懷疑主義，但一些人主張自然主義也是休謨的中心思想之一。研究休謨的學(xué)者經(jīng)常分為那些強(qiáng)調(diào)懷疑成分的(例如邏輯實(shí)證主義)、以及那些強(qiáng)調(diào)自然主義成分的人。休謨的哲學(xué)受到經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義者約翰·洛克和喬治·貝克萊的深刻影響，也受到一些法國作家的影響，他也吸收了各種英格蘭知識(shí)分子如艾薩克·牛頓、法蘭西斯·哈奇森、亞當(dāng)·斯密等人的理論。