國(guó)際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 51

　　英語單詞講解 unit 51

　　1.Reinhold Niebuhr

　　Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, public intellectual, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. The brother of another prominent theological ethicist, H. Richard Niebuhr, he is also known for authoring the Serenity Prayer, and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. Among his most influential books are Moral Man and Immoral Society and The Nature and Destiny of Man. Starting as a minister with working-class and labor class sympathies in the 1920s oriented to theological pacifism, he shifted to neo-orthodox realist theology in the 1930s and developed the theo-philosophical perspective known as Christian realism.

　　1.萊茵霍爾德·尼布爾

　　卡爾·保羅·萊茵霍爾德·尼布爾(1892年6月21日-1971年6月1日)，是一位美國(guó)神學(xué)家。他最出名的工作是試圖將基督信仰和現(xiàn)代政治外交聯(lián)系起來。他為現(xiàn)代“正義戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”思想做了很大貢獻(xiàn)。著有《道德的人與不道德的社會(huì)》、《人的本性與命運(yùn)》等。

　　2.John Dewey

　　John Dewey, FAA (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. A well-known public intellectual, he was also a major voice of progressive education and liberalism. Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wrote about many other topics, including epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, art, logic, social theory, and ethics.

　　2.約翰·杜威

　　約翰·杜威(1859年10月20日-1952年6月1日)是美國(guó)哲學(xué)家和教育家，與皮爾士、詹姆士一起被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)的重要代表人物。杜威最重要的兩個(gè)教育思想：連續(xù)性以及實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)(或譯從做中學(xué))。杜威的教育思想曾對(duì)二十世紀(jì)上半葉的中國(guó)教育界、思想界發(fā)生過重大影響。民國(guó)時(shí)期一些重要人物如胡適、陶行知、郭秉文、張伯苓、蔣夢(mèng)麟等均曾在美國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)留學(xué)，曾是杜威的學(xué)生。他反對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的灌輸和機(jī)械訓(xùn)練、強(qiáng)調(diào)從實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的教育主張，對(duì)蔡元培、晏陽初以至毛澤東等都有一定的影響。

　　3.Denis Diderot

　　Denis Diderot (5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment and is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.Diderot also contributed to literature, notably with Jacques le fataliste et son maître (Jacques the Fatalist and his Master), which was influenced by Laurence Sterne's novel Tristam Shandy in challenging conventions regarding novels and their structure and content, while also examining philosophical ideas about free will. Diderot is also known as the author of the dialogue Le Neveu de Rameau (Rameau's Nephew), upon which many articles and sermons about consumer desire have been based.

　　3.德尼·狄德羅

　　德尼·狄德羅(1713年10月5日-1784年7月31日)是法國(guó)啟蒙思想家、唯物主義哲學(xué)家、無神論者和作家，百科全書派的代表。他的最大成就是主編《百科全書，或科學(xué)、藝術(shù)和工藝詳解詞典》(通常稱為《百科全書》)(1751年—1772年)。此書概括了18世紀(jì)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的精神。恩格斯稱贊他是“為了對(duì)真理和正義的熱誠(chéng)而獻(xiàn)出了整個(gè)生命”的人。他也被視為是現(xiàn)代百科全書的奠基人。