國(guó)際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 42

　　英語單詞講解 unit 42

　　1.Niccolò Machiavelli

　　Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian historian,politician,diplomat,philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He was for many years an official in the Florentine Republic, with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He was a founder of modern political science, and more specifically political ethics. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is renowned in the Italian language. He was Secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power. He wrote his masterpiece, The Prince, after the Medici had recovered power and he no longer held a position of responsibility in Florence. His views on the importance of a strong ruler who was not afraid to be harsh with his subjects and enemies were most likely influenced by the Italian city-states, which due to a lack of unification were very vulnerable to other unified nation-states, such as France.

　　1.尼可羅·馬基亞維利

　　尼可羅·迪·貝納爾多·德·馬基亞維利(意大利語：Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli，1469年5月3日-1527年6月21日)是意大利的哲學(xué)家、歷史學(xué)家、政治家、外交官。他是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的重要人物，他所著的《君主論》一書提出了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的政治理論，另一著作《論李維》則提及了共和主義理論。

　　2.John Mearsheimer

　　John J. Mearsheimer (born December 1947) is an American professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. He is an international relations theorist. Known for his 2001 book on offensive neorealism, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, Mearsheimer is also known for co-authoring, with Stephen Walt, the New York Times Best Seller The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy (2007).

　　2.約翰·米爾斯海默

　　約翰·米爾斯海默是芝加哥大學(xué)溫德爾·哈里森杰出貢獻(xiàn)政治學(xué)教授，國(guó)際安全政策項(xiàng)目主任，美國(guó)國(guó)際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域中的杰出學(xué)者之一，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》、《新共和》、《大西洋月刊》的特約撰稿人。

　　3.Adam Smith

　　Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, Smith is best known for two classic works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. Smith is cited as the "father of modern economics" and is still among the most influential thinkers in the field of economics today.

　　3.亞當(dāng)·斯密

　　亞當(dāng)·斯密(1723年6月5日(受洗)-1790年7月17日)，又譯亞當(dāng)·史密斯、亞當(dāng)·史密夫，蘇格蘭哲學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，他所著的《國(guó)富論》成為了第一本試圖闡述歐洲產(chǎn)業(yè)和商業(yè)發(fā)展歷史的著作。這本書發(fā)展出了現(xiàn)代的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科，也提供了現(xiàn)代自由貿(mào)易、資本主義和自由意志主義的理論基礎(chǔ)。