CNN News:埃博拉傳染鏈條具有極強(qiáng)的傳播性，需要做到及時(shí)控制

First up on commercial free CNN STUDENT NEWS we are taking you to Africa. The Ebola outbreak we`ve been following this year has mostly been limited to West Africa. But new cases of the hemorrhagic fever are turning up in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in Central Africa. It appears to be a

首先不含商業(yè)廣告的CNN學(xué)生新聞要說的是非洲方面新聞。今年爆發(fā)的埃博拉病毒主要發(fā)生在了西非國(guó)家地區(qū)，但是在非洲中部剛果民主共和國(guó)卻出現(xiàn)了新的出血熱病例。并且看起來

different strain of the virus, meaning it`s a separate one from the outbreak that`s killed 1500 people in West Africa. But doctors are scrambling to contain it, because Congo borders nine other countries, and an outbreak there could be catastrophic. There`s no cure. Ebola kills

是不同病毒引起的，也就意味著這是已經(jīng)造成非洲西部死亡1500人病毒的另一種新型病毒。醫(yī)生們正忙著控制病毒的傳染，因?yàn)閯偣埠蛧?guó)與9個(gè)非洲國(guó)家相鄰，如果病毒傳播開來后果可想而知。染上這種病毒幾乎就是沒治的。埃博拉

many of those who get it. Though people can survive, if they are treated quickly with fluids, medicines and nutrients.

已經(jīng)造成了很多患者死亡。如果患者得到及時(shí)醫(yī)治，有足夠的藥物和營(yíng)養(yǎng)的話也是可以幸存的。

One big question, though, how do you stop it?

現(xiàn)在面臨一個(gè)巨大困難就是該如何控制疫情。

Ebola outbreak in Africa has left hundreds dead and many more infected. To halt even more infections, finding and treating all the patients is key. But just as important as finding and monitoring all the people who had close contact with those patients. These people, they may have slept in the same house, they may have come in contact with the patients` body fluids. And not all of the patients` close contacts are going to get sick. But those who do can then expose even more people to Ebola. It`s called a chain of transmission. I want to give you a real world example from an Ebola outbreak in the early 2000s.

自非洲國(guó)家爆發(fā)埃博拉病毒以來已經(jīng)造成數(shù)百人上升更多人感染病毒。解決問題的關(guān)鍵就是控制病毒傳播，尋找治療方法治愈患者。但是發(fā)現(xiàn)和監(jiān)測(cè)所有與感染埃博拉病毒患者接觸的人群也是同樣重要的。這些人可能在同一所屋子里睡過覺，可能接觸過病人的體液。不是所有與患者有過親密接觸的人就會(huì)感染病毒，但是會(huì)擴(kuò)大病毒感染者的數(shù)量。這就是所謂的傳播鏈。下面我要給你講一個(gè)發(fā)生在2000年初埃博拉疫情爆發(fā)的真實(shí)案例。

A young woman from Uganda didn`t know she was sick with Ebola. She had closed contacts with six people. Her baby and father in law, they both got sick. The baby then got his grandmother sick and she had contact with two more people as well. The father in law had close contact with 12 people. Out of that, his brother and cousin both got sick. The brother then had close contact with four more people, and the cousin had close contact with five more people, including another brother who`d used his blanket and also got sick. That`s how Ebola can spread. From one generation of disease, all the way around to another generation and then another.

一位來自烏干達(dá)的年輕女子不知道自己感染了埃博拉病毒，并與六個(gè)人發(fā)生了親密接觸，于是她的孩子，她的岳父都被感染了埃博拉病毒。然后她的孩子把病毒又傳染給了他的奶奶，他的奶奶又感染了其他兩個(gè)親密接觸的人。她的岳父與12個(gè)人有過親密接觸，除了這些，他的哥哥和堂兄妹都被感染了病毒，然后他的哥哥又與四個(gè)其他人有親密接觸，堂兄妹與另外五個(gè)人有親密接觸，包括另一個(gè)用過他毯子的哥哥也感染了埃博拉病毒。這就是埃博拉的傳播鏈條。從一代人開始傳染到了另一代人。

Breaking this chain of transmission is crucial. And one way to do it is do something known as contact tracing. Basically, disease detectives use every source they can find to find people who may have had contact with the person sick with Ebola. And then for 21 days they monitor each person looking for signs and symptoms like a fever. And if it looks like someone who`s starting to get sick, they are asked to go to an isolation ward.

所以打破這種傳播鏈條至關(guān)重要，其中一個(gè)方法就是對(duì)與患者親密接觸的人做追蹤監(jiān)測(cè)。基本上，疾病監(jiān)察員動(dòng)用所有資源來尋找與埃博拉患者有過親密接觸的人，21天之后他們發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)人都出現(xiàn)了類似發(fā)燒的跡象和癥狀，如果出現(xiàn)類似感染埃博拉癥狀的話就會(huì)被隔離。

Now, in previous person outbreaks this contact tracing has been pretty effective at halting new transmissions. But the current outbreak is unprecedented in size and scope. The World Health Organization says it`s so far more than 8500 of those close contacts have been identified. And just imagine that. How daunting it would be to follow for 21 days more than 8500 people in the region of the world with fewer resources and then remote locations. If you miss even one exposed individual and they get sick, the virus keeps spreading. And this outbreak won`t be over until there`s been 42 days with no new cases.

現(xiàn)在來看，之前這種追蹤已經(jīng)取得了有效控制疫情傳播的成功，但是現(xiàn)在的疫情規(guī)模和感染范圍是前所未有的。世界衛(wèi)生組織表示目前為止已經(jīng)確定有8500人與埃博拉確診患者有過親密接觸，可以想象一下，怎樣來監(jiān)測(cè)這8500人在21天的身體反應(yīng)，然后遠(yuǎn)程定位具體位置，如果錯(cuò)過甚至一個(gè)暴露的個(gè)人感染病毒，病毒就會(huì)繼續(xù)傳播。這種疫情直到兩個(gè)21天不出現(xiàn)新病例才會(huì)停止傳播。