BBC News:利比亞戰(zhàn)爭造成機(jī)場飛機(jī)損毀
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- 聽力原文
- 相關(guān)背景
BBC News with Neil Nunes.
The government in Libya has said it's considering asking for international help to end the fighting between rival factions which is threatening to destabilize the country. At least one person died and six were injured in fighting between rival militia groups at the international airport near the capital Tripoli. The government said the air traffic control tower and all the buildings had been destroyed and nearly all the planes on the ground were damaged. Rana Jawad is in Tripoli.
利比亞政府正考慮請求國際幫助解決其境內(nèi)兩組對抗勢力之間的戰(zhàn)爭。此次沖突是兩組勢力為奪取國際機(jī)場指揮臺而發(fā)動，沖突已造成至少一人死亡六人受傷。機(jī)場內(nèi)建筑遭到了不同程度破壞，停留機(jī)場內(nèi)的飛機(jī)都被損毀。Rana Jawad在的黎波里報道。
Here in the capital we've basically seen a power struggle that's been growing over the years and these groups are more powerful and the fighting that we saw since Sunday is a wider struggle for power and it's a turf for a sanctuary and it's only got some worse and this significant shift in tone by the Libyan authorities at the moment is unclear. They may just have been using it as a threat, you know, on foreign forces intervening to gain some leverage with the various militias that they haven't been able to control, or they may have reached a point where they see this as the only way out of their predicament.
在這里我們基本可以看到的是雙方對抗勢力經(jīng)過多年的磨練已經(jīng)更加強(qiáng)大，這場自周日以來的沖突斗爭是更加廣泛的權(quán)利斗爭，也是雙方爭得控制領(lǐng)域的沖突。更糟糕的情況是，利比亞政府對這一斗爭矛頭轉(zhuǎn)換并不知情?；蛟S他們只是想借此作為求助的理由，因為當(dāng)國外勢力干預(yù)進(jìn)來時就會得到一些不同軍隊的幫助來控制現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失控的局面，也有可能是他們已經(jīng)到了不得已的困境來尋求幫助。
Both Israel and the militant Palestinian group Hamas have said they'll consider proposals for a ceasefire in Gaza put forward by Egypt. Under the plans a truce to end a week of violence would come into effect on Tuesday morning. Egypt's foreign minister Sameh Shukri outlined the terms of the ceasefire proposal.
以色列和巴勒斯坦激進(jìn)組織哈馬斯成員同時表示考慮埃及對于加沙地帶?；鸬奶岚浮Ｍ；鹨恢苡媱潓⒂谥芏衔缟?。埃及外交大臣Sameh Shukri總結(jié)了這次?；鹛嶙h的內(nèi)容。
The proposed Egyptian initiative is based on these main elements: An immediate end of all hostile actions and the reopening of Israeli crossings to be followed by the implementation of the ceasefire after all parties have agreed to cease all hostilities.
此次埃及主動提議的內(nèi)容主要有幾點(diǎn)，立即停止一切敵對行為，以色列在雙方同意停止一切敵對行為之后重新開放過境點(diǎn)。
The new parliament in Iraq is due to reconvene on Tuesday and try to form a new government with the foreign minister of the Kurdish region describing the country as a failed state. Kurdish MPs withdrew from Mr. Maliki's central government after he accused the Kurds of harboring extremists. Shama Ekli reports from Kurdistan.
埃及新議會定于周二重新召開，目的是建立一個全新政府，不再讓庫爾德地區(qū)外交部長稱其國家是一個失敗的國家。庫爾德議會成員在總理馬里奇指責(zé)庫爾德人為武裝分子提供避難所之后撤出政府組織。Shama Ekli在庫爾德斯坦為您報道。
Khalah Mustafabakah had no comments about describing Iraq as a failed state and was quick to blame Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. He said the only way forward was for the country to divide into three regions with Kurdistan as an independent state. He said the Kurds now shares bigger borders with the Islamist militant group ISIS than they did with the rest of Iraq. He was adamant, however, that the Kurdish leadership will not negotiate with ISIS, or what is known as the Islamic State.
Khalah Mustafabakah沒有對描述伊拉克為一個失敗國家發(fā)表任何評論，也沒有指責(zé)總理馬里奇。他指出伊拉克發(fā)展的唯一出路是把國家分成三個地區(qū)，其中庫爾德地區(qū)作為一個獨(dú)立的政區(qū)。他說庫爾德人民現(xiàn)在正與伊斯蘭激進(jìn)組織ISIS分享更廣泛的邊疆領(lǐng)域。他非常堅持，然而，庫爾德地區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不會和ISIS組織或所謂的伊斯蘭國家談判。
The authorities in China have begun criminal investigations into three former high-ranking officials over allegations of corruption. Two of those held, Li Dongsheng and Jiang Jiemin, are said to be close associates of the former National Security Chief, Zhou Yongkang, who is already under investigation.
中國政府當(dāng)局對三名前政府高官進(jìn)行貪污調(diào)查。其中李東生和蔣潔敏被指與前國家政治委員周永康有密切聯(lián)系，目前周永康也在被調(diào)查中。
BBC World News.
The Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon is in Haiti to discuss efforts to alleviate a cholera epidemic that has killed more than 8,000 people. The outbreak has been linked to the UN's own peacekeepers and the organization is facing three lawsuits. The UN has so far not accepted this responsibility.
聯(lián)合國秘書長潘基文正在海地慰問當(dāng)?shù)厥転?zāi)群眾。當(dāng)?shù)氐卣鹪斐闪酥辽?000群眾受傷。此次地震直接影響了聯(lián)合國和平計劃進(jìn)程，目前整個聯(lián)合國正面臨著三項法律訴訟。現(xiàn)在還沒有明確態(tài)度表明聯(lián)合國接受這一責(zé)任。
Pope Francis has added his voice to those calling for action to protect and care for tens of thousands of unaccompanied children migrating from Central America to the United States. The Pope said Central America and Mexico needed to inform the public of the dangers of the trip north. Will Gra reports from Mexico City.
Pope Francis 號召給予單獨(dú)穿越美洲中部進(jìn)入美國境內(nèi)的兒童更多的保護(hù)和關(guān)注。下面是來自墨西哥的報道。
As the debate on the issue of unaccompanied child migrants heats up, Pope Francis has now added his voice to those calling for action. Such a humanitarian emergency demand is a first urgent measure that these minors be protected and duly taken in, the Pope said, in a letter read by the Vatican's envoy to Mexico Christophe Pierre. Pope Francis called for the attention of the international community to this challenge and for measures to be taken by the specific countries involved, namely Central American nations Mexico and the US.
隨著無人陪伴兒童獨(dú)自移民事件爭議的升溫，Pope Francis對外發(fā)表號召。教皇在給墨西哥教主的信件中稱這種人道主義緊急救助是第一次緊急措施。教皇稱要對現(xiàn)階段特殊情況予以特別關(guān)注。
The United States is to sell Katar Apache attack helicopters and Patriot and Javelin air defense weapons in a deal worth more than 11 billion dollars. The Pentagon spokesman described Washington's relationship with the Gulf state as critically important in the region and said the arms deal underscored the partnership. The US has a major airbase in Katar.
美國同海灣國家卡塔爾達(dá)成一份價值110億美元的軍購協(xié)議，其中包括“愛國者”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)和“阿帕奇”直升機(jī)。五角大樓發(fā)言人表示華盛頓政府與海灣國家在這一地區(qū)保持重要軍火關(guān)系凸顯了戰(zhàn)略伙伴地位。美國在卡塔爾占有重要的空軍基地。
Customs officials in the United States have seized a shipment of 67 live giant African land snails at Los Angeles International Airport. The eatable snails, each weighing nearly a kilo, arrived from Nigeria where they are considered a delicacy. The US bans their importation as they can carry parasites including one that can leads to meningitis.
美國海關(guān)在拉斯維加斯國家機(jī)場查收了一箱由尼日利亞寄來的非洲大蝸牛?？墒秤梦伵Ｃ恐豢蛇_(dá)1千克重。美國以其可能攜帶寄生蟲為由拒絕入境。
BBC News.
BBC News with Neil Nunes.
The government in Libya has said it's considering asking for international help to end the fighting between rival factions which is threatening to destabilize the country. At least one person died and six were injured in fighting between rival militia groups at the international airport near the capital Tripoli. The government said the air traffic control tower and all the buildings had been destroyed and nearly all the planes on the ground were damaged. Rana Jawad is in Tripoli.
Here in the capital we've basically seen a power struggle that's been growing over the years and these groups are more powerful and the fighting that we saw since Sunday is a wider struggle for power and it's a turf for a sanctuary and it's only got some worse and this significant shift in tone by the Libyan authorities at the moment is unclear. They may just have been using it as a threat, you know, on foreign forces intervening to gain some leverage with the various militias that they haven't been able to control, or they may have reached a point where they see this as the only way out of their predicament.
Both Israel and the militant Palestinian group Hamas have said they'll consider proposals for a ceasefire in Gaza put forward by Egypt. Under the plans a truce to end a week of violence would come into effect on Tuesday morning. Egypt's foreign minister Sameh Shukri outlined the terms of the ceasefire proposal.
The proposed Egyptian initiative is based on these main elements: An immediate end of all hostile actions and the reopening of Israeli crossings to be followed by the implementation of the ceasefire after all parties have agreed to cease all hostilities.
The new parliament in Iraq is due to reconvene on Tuesday and try to form a new government with the foreign minister of the Kurdish region describing the country as a failed state. Kurdish MPs withdrew from Mr. Maliki's central government after he accused the Kurds of harboring extremists. Shama Ekli reports from Kurdistan.
Khalah Mustafabakah had no comments about describing Iraq as a failed state and was quick to blame Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. He said the only way forward was for the country to divide into three regions with Kurdistan as an independent state. He said the Kurds now shares bigger borders with the Islamist militant group ISIS than they did with the rest of Iraq. He was adamant, however, that the Kurdish leadership will not negotiate with ISIS, or what is known as the Islamic State.
The authorities in China have begun criminal investigations into three former high-ranking officials over allegations of corruption. Two of those held, Li Dongsheng and Jiang Jiemin, are said to be close associates of the former National Security Chief, Zhou Yongkang, who is already under investigation.
BBC World News.
The Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon is in Haiti to discuss efforts to alleviate a cholera epidemic that has killed more than 8,000 people. The outbreak has been linked to the UN's own peacekeepers and the organization is facing three lawsuits. The UN has so far not accepted this responsibility.
Pope Francis has added his voice to those calling for action to protect and care for tens of thousands of unaccompanied children migrating from Central America to the United States. The Pope said Central America and Mexico needed to inform the public of the dangers of the trip north. Will Gra reports from Mexico City.
As the debate on the issue of unaccompanied child migrants heats up, Pope Francis has now added his voice to those calling for action. Such a humanitarian emergency demand is a first urgent measure that these minors be protected and duly taken in, the Pope said, in a letter read by the Vatican's envoy to Mexico Christophe Pierre. Pope Francis called for the attention of the international community to this challenge and for measures to be taken by the specific countries involved, namely Central American nations Mexico and the US.
The United States is to sell Katar Apache attack helicopters and Patriot and Javelin air defense weapons in a deal worth more than 11 billion dollars. The Pentagon spokesman described Washington's relationship with the Gulf state as critically important in the region and said the arms deal underscored the partnership. The US has a major airbase in Katar.
Customs officials in the United States have seized a shipment of 67 live giant African land snails at Los Angeles International Airport. The eatable snails, each weighing nearly a kilo, arrived from Nigeria where they are considered a delicacy. The US bans their importation as they can carry parasites including one that can leads to meningitis.
BBC News.
BBC News with Neil Nunes.
The government in Libya has said it's considering asking for international help to end the fighting between rival factions which is threatening to destabilize the country. At least one person died and six were injured in fighting between rival militia groups at the international airport near the capital Tripoli. The government said the air traffic control tower and all the buildings had been destroyed and nearly all the planes on the ground were damaged. Rana Jawad is in Tripoli.
利比亞政府正考慮請求國際幫助解決其境內(nèi)兩組對抗勢力之間的戰(zhàn)爭。此次沖突是兩組勢力為奪取國際機(jī)場指揮臺而發(fā)動，沖突已造成至少一人死亡六人受傷。機(jī)場內(nèi)建筑遭到了不同程度破壞，停留機(jī)場內(nèi)的飛機(jī)都被損毀。Rana Jawad在的黎波里報道。
Here in the capital we've basically seen a power struggle that's been growing over the years and these groups are more powerful and the fighting that we saw since Sunday is a wider struggle for power and it's a turf for a sanctuary and it's only got some worse and this significant shift in tone by the Libyan authorities at the moment is unclear. They may just have been using it as a threat, you know, on foreign forces intervening to gain some leverage with the various militias that they haven't been able to control, or they may have reached a point where they see this as the only way out of their predicament.
在這里我們基本可以看到的是雙方對抗勢力經(jīng)過多年的磨練已經(jīng)更加強(qiáng)大，這場自周日以來的沖突斗爭是更加廣泛的權(quán)利斗爭，也是雙方爭得控制領(lǐng)域的沖突。更糟糕的情況是，利比亞政府對這一斗爭矛頭轉(zhuǎn)換并不知情。或許他們只是想借此作為求助的理由，因為當(dāng)國外勢力干預(yù)進(jìn)來時就會得到一些不同軍隊的幫助來控制現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失控的局面，也有可能是他們已經(jīng)到了不得已的困境來尋求幫助。
Both Israel and the militant Palestinian group Hamas have said they'll consider proposals for a ceasefire in Gaza put forward by Egypt. Under the plans a truce to end a week of violence would come into effect on Tuesday morning. Egypt's foreign minister Sameh Shukri outlined the terms of the ceasefire proposal.
以色列和巴勒斯坦激進(jìn)組織哈馬斯成員同時表示考慮埃及對于加沙地帶?；鸬奶岚?。停火一周計劃將于周二上午生效。埃及外交大臣Sameh Shukri總結(jié)了這次停火提議的內(nèi)容。
The proposed Egyptian initiative is based on these main elements: An immediate end of all hostile actions and the reopening of Israeli crossings to be followed by the implementation of the ceasefire after all parties have agreed to cease all hostilities.
此次埃及主動提議的內(nèi)容主要有幾點(diǎn)，立即停止一切敵對行為，以色列在雙方同意停止一切敵對行為之后重新開放過境點(diǎn)。
The new parliament in Iraq is due to reconvene on Tuesday and try to form a new government with the foreign minister of the Kurdish region describing the country as a failed state. Kurdish MPs withdrew from Mr. Maliki's central government after he accused the Kurds of harboring extremists. Shama Ekli reports from Kurdistan.
埃及新議會定于周二重新召開，目的是建立一個全新政府，不再讓庫爾德地區(qū)外交部長稱其國家是一個失敗的國家。庫爾德議會成員在總理馬里奇指責(zé)庫爾德人為武裝分子提供避難所之后撤出政府組織。Shama Ekli在庫爾德斯坦為您報道。
Khalah Mustafabakah had no comments about describing Iraq as a failed state and was quick to blame Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. He said the only way forward was for the country to divide into three regions with Kurdistan as an independent state. He said the Kurds now shares bigger borders with the Islamist militant group ISIS than they did with the rest of Iraq. He was adamant, however, that the Kurdish leadership will not negotiate with ISIS, or what is known as the Islamic State.
Khalah Mustafabakah沒有對描述伊拉克為一個失敗國家發(fā)表任何評論，也沒有指責(zé)總理馬里奇。他指出伊拉克發(fā)展的唯一出路是把國家分成三個地區(qū)，其中庫爾德地區(qū)作為一個獨(dú)立的政區(qū)。他說庫爾德人民現(xiàn)在正與伊斯蘭激進(jìn)組織ISIS分享更廣泛的邊疆領(lǐng)域。他非常堅持，然而，庫爾德地區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不會和ISIS組織或所謂的伊斯蘭國家談判。
The authorities in China have begun criminal investigations into three former high-ranking officials over allegations of corruption. Two of those held, Li Dongsheng and Jiang Jiemin, are said to be close associates of the former National Security Chief, Zhou Yongkang, who is already under investigation.
中國政府當(dāng)局對三名前政府高官進(jìn)行貪污調(diào)查。其中李東生和蔣潔敏被指與前國家政治委員周永康有密切聯(lián)系，目前周永康也在被調(diào)查中。
BBC World News.
The Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon is in Haiti to discuss efforts to alleviate a cholera epidemic that has killed more than 8,000 people. The outbreak has been linked to the UN's own peacekeepers and the organization is facing three lawsuits. The UN has so far not accepted this responsibility.
聯(lián)合國秘書長潘基文正在海地慰問當(dāng)?shù)厥転?zāi)群眾。當(dāng)?shù)氐卣鹪斐闪酥辽?000群眾受傷。此次地震直接影響了聯(lián)合國和平計劃進(jìn)程，目前整個聯(lián)合國正面臨著三項法律訴訟?，F(xiàn)在還沒有明確態(tài)度表明聯(lián)合國接受這一責(zé)任。
Pope Francis has added his voice to those calling for action to protect and care for tens of thousands of unaccompanied children migrating from Central America to the United States. The Pope said Central America and Mexico needed to inform the public of the dangers of the trip north. Will Gra reports from Mexico City.
Pope Francis 號召給予單獨(dú)穿越美洲中部進(jìn)入美國境內(nèi)的兒童更多的保護(hù)和關(guān)注。下面是來自墨西哥的報道。
As the debate on the issue of unaccompanied child migrants heats up, Pope Francis has now added his voice to those calling for action. Such a humanitarian emergency demand is a first urgent measure that these minors be protected and duly taken in, the Pope said, in a letter read by the Vatican's envoy to Mexico Christophe Pierre. Pope Francis called for the attention of the international community to this challenge and for measures to be taken by the specific countries involved, namely Central American nations Mexico and the US.
隨著無人陪伴兒童獨(dú)自移民事件爭議的升溫，Pope Francis對外發(fā)表號召。教皇在給墨西哥教主的信件中稱這種人道主義緊急救助是第一次緊急措施。教皇稱要對現(xiàn)階段特殊情況予以特別關(guān)注。
The United States is to sell Katar Apache attack helicopters and Patriot and Javelin air defense weapons in a deal worth more than 11 billion dollars. The Pentagon spokesman described Washington's relationship with the Gulf state as critically important in the region and said the arms deal underscored the partnership. The US has a major airbase in Katar.
美國同海灣國家卡塔爾達(dá)成一份價值110億美元的軍購協(xié)議，其中包括“愛國者”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)和“阿帕奇”直升機(jī)。五角大樓發(fā)言人表示華盛頓政府與海灣國家在這一地區(qū)保持重要軍火關(guān)系凸顯了戰(zhàn)略伙伴地位。美國在卡塔爾占有重要的空軍基地。
Customs officials in the United States have seized a shipment of 67 live giant African land snails at Los Angeles International Airport. The eatable snails, each weighing nearly a kilo, arrived from Nigeria where they are considered a delicacy. The US bans their importation as they can carry parasites including one that can leads to meningitis.
美國海關(guān)在拉斯維加斯國家機(jī)場查收了一箱由尼日利亞寄來的非洲大蝸牛。可食用蝸牛每只可達(dá)1千克重。美國以其可能攜帶寄生蟲為由拒絕入境。
BBC News.
聽力原文
BBC News with Neil Nunes.
The government in Libya has said it's considering asking for international help to end the fighting between rival factions which is threatening to destabilize the country. At least one person died and six were injured in fighting between rival militia groups at the international airport near the capital Tripoli. The government said the air traffic control tower and all the buildings had been destroyed and nearly all the planes on the ground were damaged. Rana Jawad is in Tripoli.
Here in the capital we've basically seen a power struggle that's been growing over the years and these groups are more powerful and the fighting that we saw since Sunday is a wider struggle for power and it's a turf for a sanctuary and it's only got some worse and this significant shift in tone by the Libyan authorities at the moment is unclear. They may just have been using it as a threat, you know, on foreign forces intervening to gain some leverage with the various militias that they haven't been able to control, or they may have reached a point where they see this as the only way out of their predicament.
Both Israel and the militant Palestinian group Hamas have said they'll consider proposals for a ceasefire in Gaza put forward by Egypt. Under the plans a truce to end a week of violence would come into effect on Tuesday morning. Egypt's foreign minister Sameh Shukri outlined the terms of the ceasefire proposal.
The proposed Egyptian initiative is based on these main elements: An immediate end of all hostile actions and the reopening of Israeli crossings to be followed by the implementation of the ceasefire after all parties have agreed to cease all hostilities.
The new parliament in Iraq is due to reconvene on Tuesday and try to form a new government with the foreign minister of the Kurdish region describing the country as a failed state. Kurdish MPs withdrew from Mr. Maliki's central government after he accused the Kurds of harboring extremists. Shama Ekli reports from Kurdistan.
Khalah Mustafabakah had no comments about describing Iraq as a failed state and was quick to blame Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. He said the only way forward was for the country to divide into three regions with Kurdistan as an independent state. He said the Kurds now shares bigger borders with the Islamist militant group ISIS than they did with the rest of Iraq. He was adamant, however, that the Kurdish leadership will not negotiate with ISIS, or what is known as the Islamic State.
The authorities in China have begun criminal investigations into three former high-ranking officials over allegations of corruption. Two of those held, Li Dongsheng and Jiang Jiemin, are said to be close associates of the former National Security Chief, Zhou Yongkang, who is already under investigation.
BBC World News.
The Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon is in Haiti to discuss efforts to alleviate a cholera epidemic that has killed more than 8,000 people. The outbreak has been linked to the UN's own peacekeepers and the organization is facing three lawsuits. The UN has so far not accepted this responsibility.
Pope Francis has added his voice to those calling for action to protect and care for tens of thousands of unaccompanied children migrating from Central America to the United States. The Pope said Central America and Mexico needed to inform the public of the dangers of the trip north. Will Gra reports from Mexico City.
As the debate on the issue of unaccompanied child migrants heats up, Pope Francis has now added his voice to those calling for action. Such a humanitarian emergency demand is a first urgent measure that these minors be protected and duly taken in, the Pope said, in a letter read by the Vatican's envoy to Mexico Christophe Pierre. Pope Francis called for the attention of the international community to this challenge and for measures to be taken by the specific countries involved, namely Central American nations Mexico and the US.
The United States is to sell Katar Apache attack helicopters and Patriot and Javelin air defense weapons in a deal worth more than 11 billion dollars. The Pentagon spokesman described Washington's relationship with the Gulf state as critically important in the region and said the arms deal underscored the partnership. The US has a major airbase in Katar.
Customs officials in the United States have seized a shipment of 67 live giant African land snails at Los Angeles International Airport. The eatable snails, each weighing nearly a kilo, arrived from Nigeria where they are considered a delicacy. The US bans their importation as they can carry parasites including one that can leads to meningitis.
BBC News.
相關(guān)背景
利比亞戰(zhàn)爭
利比亞戰(zhàn)爭，是利比亞在2011年發(fā)生的武裝沖突，在利比亞，交戰(zhàn)雙方穆阿邁爾·卡扎菲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政府和反抗卡扎菲的勢力。受鄰國的“阿拉伯之春”浪潮影響，2011年2月15日開始和平反政府示威，但活動遭到政府軍的武力鎮(zhèn)壓后引發(fā)起義，進(jìn)而爆發(fā)的反政府勢力的武裝力量同利比亞政府軍之間的激烈軍事沖突。
原本是利比亞國內(nèi)不同部落和不同派別之間的爭斗而引發(fā)的國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭，后來由于西方國家的介入發(fā)展為西方國家與中東北非的國際戰(zhàn)爭。利比亞騷亂對于該國動亂的原因，一般認(rèn)為主要由於總統(tǒng)卡扎菲的專制統(tǒng)治，以及受到近來席卷中東地區(qū)的抗議浪潮的影響。但事實(shí)上，這個國家正在陷入的分裂還有著深刻的根源。利比亞戰(zhàn)爭，是繼20世紀(jì)90年代的科索沃戰(zhàn)爭，本世紀(jì)的阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭、伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭后，西方國家為首的軍事聯(lián)盟第四次對主權(quán)國家發(fā)動大規(guī)模軍事打擊。
庫爾德人民的反抗
庫爾德問題是指西亞庫爾德族人要求自治的民族問題，庫爾德人長期以來為爭取獨(dú)立進(jìn)行了不懈的斗爭，與所在國政府不斷發(fā)生沖突。在伊拉克，庫爾德人大部分分布在伊東北部。庫爾德人有著強(qiáng)烈的民族獨(dú)立愿望。庫爾德人同伊政府進(jìn)行過多次談判。
1970年3月，伊政府與庫爾德民主黨簽訂和平協(xié)定，規(guī)定四年內(nèi)給予自治，但庫爾德人認(rèn)為伊政府在4年中只給了他們有限的自治。
1975年3月，庫爾德人和伊政府曾達(dá)成協(xié)議，建立了包括蘇萊曼尼亞等三個自治省在內(nèi)的伊拉克北部自治區(qū)。
1975年3月，雙方達(dá)成協(xié)議，建立了包括蘇萊曼尼亞等三個自治省在內(nèi)的伊拉克北部庫爾德自治區(qū)。
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