《孫子兵法》第65期:第十一章 九地(4)

九地篇 NO.4：
故善用兵者，譬如率然。率然者，常山之蛇也。
擊其首則尾至，擊其尾則首至，擊其中則首尾俱至。敢問兵可使如率然乎?曰可。
夫吳人與越人相惡也，當(dāng)其同舟而濟(jì)而遇風(fēng)，其相救也如左右手。
是故方馬埋輪，未足恃也;齊勇如一，政之道也;剛?cè)峤缘?，地之理也?br /> 故善用兵者，攜手若使一人，不得已也。
這句啥意思：
善于指揮作戰(zhàn)的人，能使部隊(duì)自我策應(yīng)如同“率然”蛇一樣。
“率然”是常山地方一種蛇，打它的頭部，尾巴就來救應(yīng);打它的尾，頭就來救應(yīng);打它的腰，頭尾都來救應(yīng)。
試問：可以使軍隊(duì)象“率然”一樣吧?回答是：可以。
那吳國人和越國人是互相仇視的，但當(dāng)他們同船渡河而遇上大風(fēng)時，他們相互救援，就如同人的左右手一樣。
所以，想用縛住馬韁、深埋車輪這種顯示死戰(zhàn)決心的辦法來穩(wěn)定部隊(duì)，是靠不住的。
要使部隊(duì)能夠齊心協(xié)力奮勇作戰(zhàn)如同一人，關(guān)鍵在于部隊(duì)管理教育有方。
要使強(qiáng)弱不同的士卒都能發(fā)揮作用，在于恰當(dāng)?shù)乩玫匦巍?br /> 所以善于用兵的人，能使全軍上下攜手團(tuán)結(jié)如同一人，這是因?yàn)榭陀^形勢迫使部隊(duì)不得不這樣。
英文這么說：
The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan.
Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the ChUng mountains.
Strike at its head, and you will be attacked by its tail;
strike at its tail, and you will be attacked by its head;
strike at its middle,and you will be attacked by head and tail both.
Asked if an army can be made to imitate the shuai-jan,I should answer, Yes.
For the men of Wu and the men of Yueh are enemies;
yet if they are crossing a river in the same boat and are caught by a storm,
they will come to each other's assistance just as the left hand helps the right.
Hence it is not enough to put one's trust in the tethering of horses, and the burying of chariotwheels inthe ground
The principle on which to manage an army is to set up one standard of courage which all mustreach.
How to make the best of both strong and weak—that is a question involving the proper use ofground.
Thus the skillful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man, willy-nilly, by the hand.
單句理解：
孫子在這里談到的仍然是軍隊(duì)的組織協(xié)調(diào)問題，他強(qiáng)調(diào)不要試圖用一些外在的力量迫使部隊(duì)穩(wěn)定，而應(yīng)當(dāng)依靠有效的管理和教育給士卒以內(nèi)的動力，以此規(guī)范和約束他們，從而使全軍上下統(tǒng)一思想，步調(diào)一致。