思馬得英語100個(gè)句子學(xué)英語語法（38）：虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法

　　<例句>

　　If you had taken her advice, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.

　　如果你聽了她的勸告，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有這種麻煩了。

　　<語法分析>

　　有些條件句主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上并不一致，這類句子成為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。還有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，這類句子成為含蓄條件句，在這種句子中，也可能需用虛擬語氣。某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。

　　<觸類旁通>

　　(1) If I had arrived a little earlier, I would have seen her.

　　我要是早來一會(huì)就見到她了。

　　語法分析：虛擬條件句，表示純假想的情況。

　　(2) If it hadn't been for the doctors' care, he wouldn't be speaking to you now.

　　要不是有醫(yī)生們的照料，他此時(shí)不會(huì)和你說話的。

　　語法分析：主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上不一致，稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。

　　(3) In the old days he would have argued.

　　要是在過去他早就爭論上了。

　　語法分析：有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，在這種句子中有時(shí)也需用虛擬語氣。

　　(4) Would you tell me how to get to the tube?

　　可否告訴我如何去地鐵站?

　　語法分析：某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如should, would, could及might等在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。

　　(5) I might have come to a wrong conclusion.

　　我也許得出了錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。

　　語法分析：這類帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，其謂語不一定是虛擬語氣，但卻比較接近虛擬語氣。

　　<鞏固練習(xí)>

　　(1) If I had enough money, I _____ buy a new table.

　　(2) If you tried again, you _____[may] succeed.

　　(3) If she had a permit, she _____[can] get a job.

　　(4) _____[be] I you, I would refuse.

　　(5) _____[be] it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.

　　(6) If she were leaving, you _____[hear] about it.

　　(7) He _____[do] anything to make amends.

　　(8) Anybody else _____[believe] you.

　　<參考答案>

　　(1) would (2) might (3) could (4) Were (5) Were (6) would have heard (7) would have done (8) would have believed