<例句>
Three people were injured.
三個(gè)人受了傷。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不明確或沒(méi)有必要提到的情況下,句子可以用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。在動(dòng)作的承受者或結(jié)果作為談話的中心時(shí),也用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),這類句子暢游一個(gè)by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很模糊時(shí),如指people或one時(shí),也可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)為了措辭上的需要,用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以避免說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。另外在公告、通知、新聞報(bào)道和報(bào)紙標(biāo)題以及科技文章里常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
<觸類旁通>
(1) We are called on to take an active part in the movement.
我們被號(hào)召積極參加這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
語(yǔ)法分析:動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不明確或沒(méi)有必要提到的情況下,可以用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2) A peace treaty was finally signed.
最終簽訂了一項(xiàng)和約。
語(yǔ)法分析:沒(méi)有必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3) When she was ill her children were looked after by neighbours.
她生病時(shí),孩子們由鄰居們照顧。
語(yǔ)法分析:動(dòng)作的承受者或結(jié)果作為談話的中心時(shí),用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(4) The house next door has been bought by someone.
隔壁房子有人買(mǎi)了。
語(yǔ)法分析:被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子常由一個(gè)by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,有時(shí)也可沒(méi)有。
(5) It's hoped that such things would not happen again.
希望這樣的事不再發(fā)生。
語(yǔ)法分析:為了措辭上的需要,用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以避免說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
(6) She appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
她在臺(tái)上出現(xiàn),受到觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。
語(yǔ)法分析:用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子的得到更好的安排。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1) When will the result _____[announce]?
(2) Rent has to _____[pay] in advance.
(3) A new public library is _____[build].
(4) This sort of advertisement _____[see] everywhere.
(5) She _____[believe] to have made an important discovery.
(6) The letter has _____[open]!
<參考答案>
(1) be announced (2) be paid (3) being built (4) is seen (5) was believed (6) been opened