<例句>
The window was broken.
窗戶被打破了。
<語法分析>
這個(gè)句子屬于被動(dòng)語態(tài),即主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,其基本模式是“助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”,然而不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài),也不是所有的被動(dòng)句都有相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)句,有一些主動(dòng)句本身就可以表示被動(dòng)的意義。本句是及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),因?yàn)榧拔飫?dòng)詞有賓語,把賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,句子即改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
<觸類旁通>
(1) Her house has been broken into.
她的房子被人破門而入。
語法分析:一般來說,只有及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),因?yàn)榧拔飫?dòng)詞有賓語。
(2) She was operated on yesterday.
她昨天做了手術(shù)。
語法分析:不及物動(dòng)詞如與介詞結(jié)合,也可以有賓語,這樣也就可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3) It must be done right now.
這件事必須馬上去辦。
語法分析:這個(gè)句子是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的謂語,也可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(4) He was elected chairman.
他被選為主席。
語法分析:“主+謂+賓+補(bǔ)語”也可有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(5) She hated being laughed at.
她不喜歡受人嘲笑。
語法分析:動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式在這個(gè)句子里用作賓語,也可用作介詞的賓語或用作句子的主語。
(6) Being well looked after, her baby was in perfect health.
有了不錯(cuò)的照顧,她的小孩兒非常健康。
語法分析:現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式用作句子的狀語,此外還可用作定語和賓語。
(7) She was given a warm welcome.
她受到了熱烈的歡迎。
語法分析:雙賓動(dòng)詞有些可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),大多都把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,而保留直接賓語。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1) I saw her _____[carry] away on a stretcher.
(2) _____[ask] to give a performance, he couldn't refuse.
(3) There are a lot of things ______[discuss].
(4) This must ______[consider] carefully.
(5) He hasn't ______[tell] about it yet.
(6) She needn't ______[tell] about it.
<參考答案>
(1) being carried (2) Being asked (3) to be discussed (4) be considered (5) been told (6) be told