<例句>
So far she has done very well at university.
到現(xiàn)在為止她在大學(xué)里表現(xiàn)得很不錯(cuò)。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
這個(gè)句子屬于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),表示已發(fā)生的事情,這件事情往往與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。這包括兩方面的韓奕,一方面它指的是現(xiàn)在,包含某個(gè)動(dòng)作的一段時(shí)間是從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直到現(xiàn)在,所以這段時(shí)間仍屬于現(xiàn)在。另一方面,這個(gè)動(dòng)作在不同程度上被完成了,所持續(xù)的時(shí)間可以到說(shuō)話時(shí)結(jié)束,也可以延續(xù)下去,這可以由句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)顯現(xiàn)。例如本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far。
<觸類旁通>
(1) He has got a letter from his father.
他收到父親的一封來(lái)信。
語(yǔ)法分析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法,表示的含義是收到來(lái)信,所以知道了父親的近況。
(2) She has rung me up four times this evening already.
她今天晚上已經(jīng)給我打了四次電話。
語(yǔ)法分析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)??梢院湍承└痹~連用,如already, just, yet, recently, lately和never等。
(3) I've seen little of my teacher in the past few years.
過(guò)去幾年里我很少見(jiàn)到我的老師。
語(yǔ)法分析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)也??梢院湍承┍硎緩倪^(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如this week, this month, this year, so far, in the past few years和up to now等。
(4) She has worked in th company since she graduated in 2000.
自她2000年畢業(yè)以來(lái),一直在這家公司工作。
語(yǔ)法分析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)也和since連用,但是其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性的,如果是非延續(xù)性的,則只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(5) I have got a bad headache.
我頭疼得很厲害。
語(yǔ)法分析:have got在形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),在意思上和have一樣。
(6) She had been here several times, but she's gone to live abroad.
她來(lái)過(guò)這里幾次,不過(guò)現(xiàn)在住在國(guó)外。
語(yǔ)法分析:has gone to 表示到某地去了,還在那里,has been [to]表示到過(guò)或來(lái)過(guò)某地,其后還可跟不定式。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1) _____ you had your supper yet?
(2) She _____ never broken her world.
(3) She's _____ to do some shopping.
(4) I have _____ terribly busy since I have been back.
(5) Have you _____ to leave so soon.
<參考答案>
(1) Have (2) has (3) been (4) been (5) got