<例句>
Where did you put the books?
你把書放哪兒了?
<語法分析>
put為及物動(dòng)詞,這類動(dòng)詞很多,通常都跟有賓語,有些及物動(dòng)詞后可以跟表示人的名詞或代詞作賓語。不及物動(dòng)詞都不跟賓語,有大部分動(dòng)詞都可兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,但詞意有時(shí)會(huì)有所不同。有些雙賓動(dòng)詞可跟兩個(gè)賓語,前面為間接賓語,后面為直接賓語。兩個(gè)詞或三個(gè)詞在一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)成語,作用和一個(gè)單一的動(dòng)詞差不多,成為成語動(dòng)詞。此外,動(dòng)詞還有系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。
<觸類旁通>
(1) She promised to treat us to dinner.
她答應(yīng)請(qǐng)我們吃飯。
語法分析:有些及物動(dòng)詞可和一個(gè)介詞短語或副詞連用。
(2) I'm sure he didn't notice (it).
我肯定他沒有注意此事。
語法分析:有些動(dòng)詞常作及物動(dòng)詞,但有時(shí)賓語不講出,因此也就成了不及物動(dòng)詞。
(3) I wish you good luck.
祝你好運(yùn)。
語法分析:雙賓動(dòng)詞可跟兩個(gè)賓語。
(4) The wind has dies down a bit.
風(fēng)平息了一點(diǎn)。
語法分析:不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞。
(5) I called on him yesterday.
昨天我拜訪了他。
語法分析:不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞。
(6) I must be getting off now.
現(xiàn)在我得動(dòng)身了。
語法分析:不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞。
(7) I am looking forward to his arrival.
我盼望他的到來。
語法分析:動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1) I couldn't rid myself ____ this melancholy mood.
(2) The plan depends _____ the weather.
(3) The war broke _____ in 1935.
(4) She could not account _____ her absence from school.
(5) Then they got _____ the bus.
(6) I'll try to hurry him _____.
(7) Don't look down _____ this kind of work.
<參考答案>
(1) of (2) on (3) out (4) for (5) off/on (6) up (7) on