金融英語口語聽力教程第2課：西方的銀行(二)

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Banking in the West (2)

西方的銀行(二)

Situation 2

情景 2

Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .

伊滕先生和詹森先生繼續(xù)他們有關西方銀行史的討論。

Jensen:That's a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern commercial banks .

詹 森：那是一個合適的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世紀發(fā)展起來的從事銀行業(yè)務的商行就是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的直系祖先。

Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .

伊 滕：顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個時期的需要。

Commercial and finacial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.

當歐洲從中世紀封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來時，商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開始變得復雜起來了。

Weren't many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?

很多早期的銀行在其一開始不就是由一些金匠們興辦起來的嗎?

J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,

詹 森：是的，很多銀行就是這個興起的，特別是在法國和英國。

but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,

可是他們逐漸地擴展他們的經(jīng)營活動，

issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,

發(fā)展到從事儲蓄、貸款、發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。

they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.

理所當然地他們又開始建立起部分儲備制度，而這一點正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。

I;When did the idea of central banks get started?

伊 滕：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時候開始的?

J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.

詹 森：哦，第一個由國家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來的，

Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,

后秋的一百年之中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些其他的半公立銀行，包括1694年成立的英格蘭銀行。

but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .

但是，這些銀行還并不是現(xiàn)代意義上的中央銀行，

It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .

直到19世紀中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行才建立起來。