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本文選自吳應(yīng)時(shí)的《應(yīng)時(shí)新概念英語4》,是學(xué)習(xí)新概念英語第四冊(cè)的輔助學(xué)習(xí)筆記,提供知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講及解析,想知道具體都有哪些內(nèi)容,那就一起來看看吧。
第一段語法符號(hào)詳解:
1. There has long been a superstition that porpoises will save men or protect them…
復(fù)合句,主句為 there be 句型,然后有一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句. 該從句為并列句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
2. biologists have pointed out that it is a mistake to credit…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂+that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.該賓語從句亦是復(fù)合句,包括 however 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,以及主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的主句,主句中動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語.
3. when…they have done it…
復(fù)合句,when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句在前,為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu). 主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),主句中 as 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語有省略,as they did in riding the bow waves…
4. some porpoises were photographed…
簡(jiǎn)單句,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),加上主語補(bǔ)足語作補(bǔ)充說明. working like beavers 為伴隨狀語. Someone photographed some porpoises
5. If…they have protected humans…, it may have been because…and because…
復(fù)合句,if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),其中包括 as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句. (2.2.1)
主句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),為并列句,and 連接兩個(gè)表語從句. 表語從句均為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
6. Porpoises and sharks are enemies.
簡(jiǎn)單句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
7. It is possible that… a battle ensued…
復(fù)合句,it 作形式主語. 真正的主語由 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句擔(dān)任,該主語從句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
第二段語法符號(hào)詳解:
1. Whether…the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),賓語 anything 由 that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾. 開頭是 whether 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句. 該從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
2. They are after the turtles who…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),be after 為動(dòng)詞詞組. who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),修飾 turtles.
3. One young calf enjoyed raising… and shoving…
并列句,主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞 raising 和 shoving 作 enjoy 的賓語.
4. a young porpoise may be seen…
簡(jiǎn)單句,主句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),同樣的,后面的補(bǔ)語在非被動(dòng)語態(tài)中作賓語補(bǔ)足語,而現(xiàn)在則作該被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語補(bǔ)足語.
by 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語本身比較長(zhǎng),是并列結(jié)構(gòu),可以看成是 by sticking and by pushing.
for dear life 為 for one's life 的變體,拼命之意.
5. This is not easy and (this) may require two porpoises…
并列句,首句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后句省略了主語,為主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu).
6. the first porpoise swoops down…and butts…
并列復(fù)合句,主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),后句省略了主語.
as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
7. This knocks down the turtle…
簡(jiǎn)單句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),謂語由動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任.
8. He recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits…
復(fù)合句,主句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
從句為并列句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),第二句省略了主語,(the next porpoise) hits him another crack 雙賓語,him 為間接賓語,another crack 為直接賓語.
這里是 no sooner…than 結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)間狀語從句,語法上,主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí). 本句可寫作:No sooner had he recovered his equilibrium than the next porpoise came along and hit him another crack.
9. the turtle has been butted…
簡(jiǎn)單句,主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
10. He is satisfied to try… but a porpoise knocks him…
并列復(fù)合句,but 分成前后兩句.
第一句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
第二句為 as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,以及主句為主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu).
11. The turtle gives up and the game is over…
并列句,第一句主謂結(jié)構(gòu),第二句主系表結(jié)構(gòu).