新概念英語第三冊逐句精講語言點 第1課 A Puma at large （1）

　　Lesson 1 A Puma at large

　　Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

　　The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.

　　1.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

　　美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大形動物，產(chǎn)自美洲。

　　pumas

　　n. 美洲豹(puma的復(fù)數(shù))

　　例句:

　　1. Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

　　美洲獅是美洲的一種體形似貓的大型動物。

　　語言點1 which定語從句修飾animals.

　　語言點2 cat-like是"n.+adj."結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合形容詞，作定語，此類還有:lady-like女性化的,man-like男人般的,crystal-like水晶般的,baby-like嬰兒般的,dog-like像狗一樣的,steel-like鋼鐵般的,home-like像家一樣的,angel-like天使般的,dream-like夢境般的。

　　語言點3 large和cat-like都是描述型定語從句，修飾animals。選擇合適的詞翻譯“大的”或“胖的”。修飾動物：fat,huge;修飾男人：strong，heavy;修飾女人：large，plump;修飾小孩：robust，chubby.

　　語言點4 在寫作中模仿使用本句結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　例:Koalas are small，bear-like animals which live in Australia.

　　2.When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

　　wild [waild]

　　adj. 野生的;野蠻的;狂熱的;荒涼的

　　n. 荒野

　　adv. 瘋狂地;胡亂地

　　例句:

　　1. Visitor:You should try to explore their wild side.

　　游客：“你應(yīng)該試著探索自己狂野的一面。”

　　spotted ['sp?tid]

　　adj. 有斑點的;斑紋的;弄污的

　　v. 發(fā)現(xiàn)(spot的過去分詞);玷污;弄上污痕

　　例句:

　　1. Ben: Maybe Mom and Dad spotted us!

　　本：也許爸爸媽媽在跟蹤我們。

　　當(dāng)倫敦動物園接到報告說，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時，這些報告并沒有受到重視。

　　語言點1 本句是一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句加that引導(dǎo)的分隔式同位語從句構(gòu)成的復(fù)合句。

　　語言點2 had been spotted(過去被發(fā)現(xiàn))中spot用詞獨具匠心，強調(diào)在荒野“發(fā)現(xiàn)”美洲獅不容易。例句：I finally spottedjust the book I wantedin the bookstore.

　　語言點3 寫作短語模板：take sh. seriously認真對待某事,take sth. easy輕松地做某事,take sb./sth.lightly小看某人/某事,be unsympathetic to sth.對某事很冷漠，show low regard to/for sth.對某事不在意，be indifferent to sth.對某事不感興趣，be not interested in doing sth.對做某事不感興趣，take one's time about doing sth.認真做某事。

　　語言點4 寫作模板:例When news came into the departments concerned that bird flu had been spotted 30km east to the city,it was taken seriously.

　　3.However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

　　evidence ['evid?ns]

　　n. 證據(jù)，證明;跡象;明顯

　　vt. 證明

　　例句:

　　1. She evidenced her approval by promising her full support。

　　她答應(yīng)全力支持，以此來表明她的贊成。

　　accumulate [?'kju:mjuleit]

　　vi. 累積;積聚

　　vt. 積攢

　　例句:

　　1. The more knowledge you will accumulate more wealth.

　　越多的知識將使你累積更多的財富。

　　obliged

　　adj. 必須的;感激的;有責(zé)任的

　　v. 要求;約束;施恩惠(oblige的過去分詞)

　　例句:

　　1. They are often even obliged to pay more for meals at the company canteen.

　　普通工人也經(jīng)常被迫在公司餐廳用餐，支付更多的伙食費。

　　investigate [in'vestiɡeit]

　　v. 調(diào)查;研究

　　例句:

　　1. You once more agree to help and investigate the murder.

　　你再次答應(yīng)幫助國王調(diào)查謀殺的事情;

　　extraordinarily

　　adv. 非常;格外地;非凡地

　　例句:

　　1. Computers and robots could be reduced to extraordinarily small sizes.

　　電腦和機器人的尺寸將可以縮得非常小;

　　可是，隨著證據(jù)越來越多，動物園的專家們感到有必要進行一番調(diào)查，因為凡是聲稱見到過美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似。

　　語言點1 本句包含了as'引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，以及for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。最后是who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾people。

　　語言點2 寫作短語模板：feel obliged to do sth.感到有必要做某事，it is necessary for sb to do sth.某人有必要做某事,be forced to do sth.被迫做某事,feel/be impelled to do sth.感到有必要做某事(內(nèi)因),be compelled to do sth.被迫做某事(外因)

　　語言點3 寫作模板:As the proof began to gather,the police felt obliged to interrogate this suspect further,for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the suspect were remarkably similar.

　　語言點4 claim to have seen，聲稱看到過，to have seen是動詞不定式的現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)，做claim的賓語。

　　4.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her.

　　hunt [h?nt]

　　vt. 打獵;搜索

　　vi. 打獵;搜尋

　　n. 狩獵;搜尋

　　例句:

　　1. At last he was hunted down and killed by hanging.

　　最后，他還是遭到追捕，被處以絞刑。

　　語言點1 where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾village。

　　語言點2 搜索：hunt，search。

　　語言點3 the hunt for sb./sth.抓捕某人/某物。hunt for a job找工作，Missing Wanted尋人/尋物啟事，People Search/Wanted/Missing尋人，Wanted通緝。

　　5.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.

　　她剛看見它，它就立刻逃走了。專家證實，美洲獅非被逼得走投無路，是決不會傷人的。

　　cornered ['k?:n?d]

　　adj. 有角的;被困得走投無路的

　　vt. 把…逼入絕境(corner的過去式)

　　例句:

　　1. A cornered cat becomes as fierce as a lion.

　　走投無路的貓會變得和獅子一樣兇猛。

　　語言點1 when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，and連接兩個并列分句，第二個分句中的that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，說明confirm的內(nèi)容，unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

　　語言點2 1)corner作動詞常用于被動語態(tài)：sth./sb. be corned某人/某物被逼入絕境

　　2)與corner搭配的介詞at the corner of the street在街道的拐角in the corner of the room在房間的角落里on the corner of the desk在桌子的一角

　　語言點3 1)unless和if...not均表示否定的條件，一般可互換：Unless you have more pratice,you will fail in the dtiving test.=If you do not have more pratice,you will fail in the dtiving test.

　　語言點4 寫作模板:The teacher told him that he would never pass the examination unless he studied hard.

　　6.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.

　　observed

　　adj. 觀察的;觀測的

　　v. 觀察;遵守;注意到(observe的過去分詞形式)

　　例句:

　　1. Next Monday is World Health Day, observed by the World Health Organization.

　　下個星期一是由世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)起的世界健康日。

　　語言點1 句子中含有一個for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。特別注意的是：地點狀語at one place 和at another place，時間狀語in the morning 和in the evening形成對照。

　　語言點2 because和for的區(qū)別：because知道上的或自然的原因，語氣較強，for多指邏輯上的判斷。比較：Itmust have rained,for the river is so high.He must be at home,for the light in his room is on.

　　語言點3 twenty miles away做后置定語，修飾place。地點副詞和時間副詞做后置定語：the house ahead前面的房子，the conclusion below下面的討論，the plan last year去年的計劃。

　　7.Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.

　　trail [treil]

　　vt. 追蹤;拖;蔓延;落后于

　　n. 小徑;痕跡;尾部;蹤跡

　　vi. 飄出;蔓生;垂下;拖曳

　　例句:

　　1. She trailed her classmates.

　　她落后于她的同班同學(xué)。

　　deer [di?]

　　n. 鹿

　　例句:

　　1. The deer darted off in alarm.

　　那只鹿驚慌的飛奔而逃。

　　語言點1 wherever引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。

　　語言點2 where/wherever區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)從句表示特定地點，而wherever引導(dǎo)從句表示非特定地點。比較下面兩句：He must go where we send him.=He must go to the place where we send him.

　　He must go wherever we send him.=He must go to any place where we send him.

　　語言點3 it left behind it a trail of dead deer...這部分中，a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits與behind it形成倒裝。一般而言，倒裝的用法有兩個作用：強調(diào)或平衡句子。本句是為了平衡句子。倒裝是很重要的寫作手法，在新概念英語系列中還有很多，例When they got home，Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without relising it,cooked her fiance's wallet as well.