新概念英語第二冊詳解第40課:Food and talk
進餐與交談
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner?
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!"
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
hostess n. 女主人
unsmiling adj. 不笑的，嚴(yán)肅的
tight adj. 緊身的
fix v. 凝視
globe n. 地球
despair n. 絕望
參考譯文
在上星期的一次宴會上，女主人安排我坐在蘭伯爾德夫人的身旁。蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴(yán)肅的女人，穿一件緊身的黑衣服。當(dāng)我在她身旁坐下來的時候，她甚至連頭都沒有抬一下。她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子，不一會兒就忙著吃起來了。我試圖找個話題和她聊聊。
“一出新劇要來‘環(huán)球劇場’上演了，”我說，“您去看嗎?”
“不，”她回答。
“您今年去國外度假嗎?”我又問。
“不，”她回答。
“您就呆在英國嗎?”我問。
“不，”她回答。
失望之中我問她飯是否吃得滿意。
“年輕人，”她回答說，“如果你多吃點，少說點，我們兩個都會吃得好的!”
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.next to, 挨著。
它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著：
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
開會時坐在你旁邊的那人是誰?
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個商店。
2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴(yán)肅的女人，穿一件緊身的黑衣服。
(1)unsmiling的反義詞為smiling(微笑的，喜氣洋洋的)。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來表示相反的意義：comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的)，true(真實的)/untrue(不真實的)， interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(無趣味的，乏味的)。
(2)in在這里表示“穿著”、“戴著”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
有位穿藍衣服的小伙子在找您。
3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”，比sit要正式：
Please take a seat.
請坐。
take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好：
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后，會議/宴會便開始了。
4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子，不一會兒就忙著吃起來了。
(1)fix最常用的意思為“使……固定”、“安裝”：
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在門上安了個把手。
fix on的含義之一為“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯著”：
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯著那本書，但他一個字兒也沒看懂。
(2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙著做某事”， doing前可以加 in，也可以不加：
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他們正忙著修車。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我們都在忙著為演出進行準(zhǔn)備。
5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點，少說點……
在并列句中，相同的句子成分(如主語、謂語、狀語等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示，并且它們的長度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對應(yīng)，more與less對應(yīng)。再如：
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行，呆在這里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想買的東西很多，但他的錢很少。
語法 Grammar in use
第2類條件句
在第16課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句，它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情，并且考慮其將來的真實結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示：
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓緊時間會誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時)
第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同，if從句中用一般過去時，談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r，主句用would +動詞原形，推測想像的結(jié)果：
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我們將呆在家里。
盡管第2類條件句使用過去時，卻并非指過去的時間，所以，if之后的過去時用法常被稱為“非真實的過去”。
第2類條件句有時可以代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情，但比第1類條件句較為“無把握”。試比較：
不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情：
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再長一點兒，我就能跑得更快了。
在最后一個例句中，the weather是單數(shù)，按語法規(guī)則，在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中，were比was更為正式，與真實情況的差別也更大：If he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他準(zhǔn)備好了，我就去。
if I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議：
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你，我就接受他們的建議。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.make vt., vi.
及物動詞make的原義為“制造”，但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，最常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同：
I tried to make conversation.
我試圖找個話題。
If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
如果你愿意，今天早上我來鋪床。
Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
我看書時你(們)別這么吵鬧。
He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
他保證一星期后將書還回來。
If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
你如果再搗蛋，我就把你送回家。
He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
他很刻苦，但他進步甚小。
He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
他掙錢多，花錢也多。
Can you make a speech for our students?
您能為我們的學(xué)生演講一次嗎?
I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
我很遺憾地告訴你，你犯了個大錯誤。
在表示“下定決心”、“拿定王意”時要用詞組make up one's mind:
Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?
2.do vt.
與make一樣，完全動詞do也可以用于一些固定說法，它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些：
I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
我已經(jīng)盡力而為了，但我考試還是沒及格。
After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。
Would you please do me a favour?
請幫個忙好嗎?
I did a few jobs about the house.
我干了點家務(wù)活。
I did a lot of work around the house.
我干了許多家務(wù)活。
Can you do any more work today?
你今天還能再干點活嗎?
We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
我們得做第10課的第2項和第3項練習(xí)。
That shop does very good business.
那家商店的生意很好。
do 還可以與動名詞連用：
We did all our shopping yesterday.
我們昨天把東西都買了。
I do a lot of swimming.
我常常游泳。
I did some reading this afternoon.
今天下午我讀了點書。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
1 were 2 tries 3 will burn
4 would have to 5 lost 6 do not apologize
7 were 8 won 9 would not be
10 could
2.難點練習(xí)答案
1 made… do 2 does… makes
3 doing…making 4 made…did
3.多項選擇題答案
1 c 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 a
7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b 11b 12 d
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★hostess n. 女主人
actor
actress
host:男主人
host(v.):作為主人,主辦
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的，嚴(yán)肅的
★tight adj. 緊身的
tight jeans
★fix v. 凝視,修理,固定
fix one's eyes on
one's eyes be fixed on
★globe n. 地球
global:全球的
★despair n. 絕望
disappoint
in despair
sb./sth.is a despair of...
【課文講解】
ask sb.to do sth.
next to:與……相鄰
be on:放映
用虛擬語氣:
1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反,從句使用一般過去時,主句使用would+動詞原型
【Key structures】
1.were
2.tries
3.will born
4.would have to
5.lost
6.don't apologize
7.were
8.won
9.would not be
10.could
【Special difficulties】
make progress
do business
1.made...do
2.does...makes
3.doing...making
4.made...did
go shopping do some shopping
【Composition】
She not only refused to answer any question but she did not ask any question either.
but....as well 可以家肯定也可以加否定
but...either只能加否定
2.She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.
3.She liked eating good food but she did not like talking about it.
【Exercises】
4.C
ask.sb.to do sth. 祈使句以動詞原型為標(biāo)志
5.A
sit down
seat一定要加賓語,如果后面沒賓語,后面就用seat的被動形式
seat yourself be seated
sit 是主動,沒有被動語態(tài),后面不能加賓語
9.B
glance at:掃了一眼, stare at:盯著看 stuck to:粘在...上面
look at ,see, watch
notice:強調(diào)的是眼睛的注意,看一些別人不太注意的事情
fix one's eyes on=stare at
I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up.
glimpase of have a glimpse of
sight catch sight of in sight
read:閱讀
read loudly,read aloud:漢語中的讀
從頭來看——look at go through:瀏覽
12.D
enjoy sth.:表示在后者當(dāng)中得到了一種享受
sth.amuse/entertain sb. entertainment
enjoy 主語是人 enjoy oneself amuse,entertain后面會加人
