新概念英語第二冊詳解第31課:Success story
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What was Frank's first job?
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
retire v. 退休
company n. 公司
bicycle n. 自行車
save v. 積蓄
workshop n. 車間
helper n. 幫手，助手
employ v. 雇傭
grandson n. 孫子
參考譯文
昨天下午弗蘭克.霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。在退休前，弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理，但他小時候卻在一家小鋪里做工。他那時的工作是修理自行車，并且通常是一天工作14個小時。他靠多年積蓄，于1958年買下了自己的一個小鋪子。20多歲的時候，弗蘭克曾生產(chǎn)飛機零配件。那時他有兩個幫手。幾年之后，小鋪子已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個雇有728人的大工廠。弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過的漫長的成功之路，微笑了。他正笑著的時候門開了，他的妻子走了進(jìn)來。她叫他去修理孫子的自行車。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前，弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理，但他小時侯卻在一家小鋪里做工。
(1)head在此處的意思不是人或動物的“頭部”，而是“首領(lǐng)”、“頭目”，一般出現(xiàn)在“the head of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中：
John is the head of the family.
約翰是一家之主。
Frank is the head of that firm.
弗蘭克是那家公司的總裁。
(2) as在這里為介詞，表不“當(dāng)……時”，as a boy相當(dāng)于 as he was a boy。
2.It was his job to repair bicycles…他那時的工作是修理自行車……
it為“先行主語”，句子的真正主語為to repair bicycles。
3.He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年積蓄，于1958年買下了自己的一個小鋪子。
(1)for years表示“許多年”。
(2)of one's own為固定短語，表示“自己的”、“屬于自己的”，own為代詞：
He wanted a room of his own.
他想要一個自己的房間。
Do you have a house of your own?
你有自己的房子嗎?
4.in one's twenties，(在某人)二十多歲的時候。
one's twenties/thirties/forties…，二十多歲/三十多歲/四十多歲……10的倍數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表達(dá)近似的、非確定的數(shù)量，與所有格形容詞(my等)連用時表示大約的年齡：
My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
我的姑媽詹妮弗已接近四十歲/四十出頭，但她卻常在舞臺上扮演小姑娘。
5.Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過的漫長的成功之路，微笑了。
(1)hard意思很多，在這里指“艱難的”、“困苦的”：
She lived a hard life in those years.
那些年她的生活很艱難。
(2)one's early years指某人的早年(生活)，意義相近的表達(dá)方式為early in one's life。
(3) the long road to success是一種比喻的說法，因為success是抽象名詞。to在這里表示方向、目的地，意義為“朝”、“往”、“向”等，這個短語的字面意義為“通向成功的漫漫長路”。
語法 Grammar in use
1.過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時
在第7課的語法中我們學(xué)習(xí)了過去進(jìn)行時。它主要表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，和一般過去時經(jīng)常在一個句子里使用。與一般過去時相比，它更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，一般過去時則表示比較短暫的動作或事件。在敘述故事時，過去進(jìn)行時往往用來表示背景：
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
昨天下午弗蘭克·霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑著的時候門開了，他的妻子走了進(jìn)來。
Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
上星期天，我和往常一樣，又去河邊坐著。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在劃船。(過去進(jìn)行時描述背景)
比較典型的表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作的表達(dá)方式如：
2.used to do
我們用used to do表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣，以便將過去與現(xiàn)在形成對照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now…，but
not…any more/any longer等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時的句子以強調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。
I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我過去常吸煙，但現(xiàn)在已不吸了。
He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他過去是個懶孩子，但現(xiàn)在他很勤奮。
used to僅用于一般過去時。它的疑問句和否定句形式可以不用助動詞do而用used本身：
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.experience
(1)n.經(jīng)歷(可數(shù))：
I had an amusing experience last year.
去年我有過一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。
He told me about his experiences as a young man.
他向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。
(2)n.經(jīng)驗，體驗(不可數(shù))：
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.
他們想要一位有豐富經(jīng)驗的人來承擔(dān)這項工作。
Does she have any experience in teaching?
她有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗嗎?
(3)vt.經(jīng)驗，體驗：
Have you ever experienced anything like this?
你經(jīng)歷過像這樣的事情嗎?
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
自1980年以來這個村子經(jīng)歷了極大的變化。
experience的過去分詞常作形容詞用，表示“有經(jīng)驗的”、“經(jīng)驗豐富的”：
John is an experienced driver.
約翰是個經(jīng)驗豐富的司機。
2.save vt.，vi.
(1)救助，搭救，拯救：
The doctor saved the child's life.
那位醫(yī)生救了這孩子一命。
They saved the child from the fire.
他們從大火中救出了這孩子。
(2)儲蓄，積攢：
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
為了買一輛車，他積攢了多年。
He used to save letters.
他過去常積攢信件。
3.work與job
作為名詞，這兩個單詞都可以翻譯為“工作”，但它們在用法上并不一樣。job為可數(shù)名詞，一般與“職業(yè)”、“職位”有關(guān)，或表示某人的“份內(nèi)事”;work作“工作”講時是不可數(shù)名詞，常指具體的“勞動”、“作業(yè)”或“(待做的)工作或事務(wù)”等，也可能表示“上班：
It was his job to repair bicycles.
他的工作是修理自行車。
John is looking for a new job.
約翰正在找一份新工作。
I'm looking for work as a driver.
我在找一份開車的活。
I've a lot of work to do on Sunday.
星期天我有許多事要做。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A What was happening： was telling (1.1);was still smiling (1.10)
What happened： retired(1.2);saved(1.5);bought(1.6);had(1.7);employed(1.9);smiled when he remembered (1.9);opened…came in…wanted(11.10-11)
What used to happen： used to work(1.3);used to work(11.4-5);used to make(1.7)
C …worked/was working…sat/was sitting…was looking…were passing…stopped…got…were/had been…used to come/came…used to go/went…were…quarrelled…had never seen/saw…got/was getting…called…hurried
2.難點練習(xí)答案
1 experienced 2jobs 3job 4save
3.多項選擇題答案
1d 2b 3a 4c 5a 6a
7d 8a 9b 10c 11a 12c
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★retire v. 退休
He is getting old. He is going to retire.
retire=stop working=stop doing this
I'm going to retire next year.
我明年會退出影壇或歌壇
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now.
★company n. 公司
firm 商行
corporation 責(zé)任公司
limited corporation 有限責(zé)任公司 Ltd.Co
He works in my business.
他在我的公司工作
★bicycle n. 自行車
★save v. 積蓄
save 挽救
save one's life
He saved my life 他挽救我的生命
save one's face 挽會面子
save money 存錢
save up 存錢
I have saved up for many years.
save it for a raining day 未雨綢繆,為將來需要而做好準(zhǔn)備
★workshop n. 車間
workhouse 感化院
★helper n. 幫手，助手
assistant 助理
★employ v. 雇傭
employee 雇員
employer 雇主
trainer 教練
trainee 接受訓(xùn)練的人
★grandson n. 孫子
【課文講解】
He worked in a factory.他曾經(jīng)在一個車間里工作
He used to work in a small workshop.
他過去在一個車間工作
used to do 過去常常，但是現(xiàn)在不做
My teacher used to live there. 我的老師過去住在那(現(xiàn)在不住了)
He lived there. 他過去住在那(不知道現(xiàn)在是否住在那)
She worked as a teacher.
work...as...作為...工作
He used to worked as a teacher.
I used to study in this school.
as a boy
as 在這兒是當(dāng)...的時候
as he was a boy
as a young man 當(dāng)他年輕的時候
in his twenties
in one's thirties/forties/fifties/nineties
in one's -ies 在某人幾十歲的時候
in my fifties 在我五十多歲的時候
In his fifties,he learned the second language.
in the 1980s 在二十世紀(jì)八十年代
I worked/began the job in the 1990s.
a head of 老板
at that time=just then=at that moment
of one's own
my own book
用one's own還是of one's own由被修飾詞的位置決定，如果被修飾名詞在前邊，用of one's own,如果被修飾名詞在后邊，用one's own
has become 成長為
in a few years 在一些年之后
hard early years 早年的艱辛
long road to success 通往成功的長路
remember 記得，回憶起
memory n.記憶
memorize v.
There is a long way to go.
My wife came in when I was smiling 強調(diào)我妻子進(jìn)來
I was smiling when my wife came in 強調(diào)我微笑
want sb. to do 想讓某人做某事
main idea：his experiences as a young man.
success 成功，成功者
【Letter writing】
1.F 2.T 3.F
【Key structures】
過去進(jìn)行時出現(xiàn)在1.一個故事的背景
2.和另外一件事同時發(fā)生
Exercises C:
was working /was sitting /looked (was looking) /were passing/
stopped /got / were(used to be)/used to come(came) /went(used to go)/ were(used to be) /quarrelled /saw /got(was getting) /called
/hurried
be surprised to see
【Special difficulties】
a.experience 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)名詞)
經(jīng)驗(不可數(shù)名詞)
experienced 有經(jīng)驗的
b.save
save one's life
save one's face
save money
save it for a rainy day
c. work and job
1. work 可以做動詞，job不可以做動詞
2. job 是不可數(shù)名詞
Exercise
1. experienced
2.jobs
3.job
4.save
econmize 經(jīng)濟，節(jié)省
save 存錢
【Composition】
not only / repaired / but /as well /told /make /prefer
go for a ride / go for a walk
ride a car / bicycle /horse
go for a ride on sth.
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
No.1 D
(a),(b)選項是作為“he was a young man“中的一個部分
No.3 A
No.4 C
Vocabulary
No.8 A
leader 起帶頭作用的人
headmaster 校長
direction 方向
director 管理整個的事務(wù)的人
superior 監(jiān)理
No.12 C
enter = go in /come in
return = go back
go與come in方向不一樣
