里約夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)8月5日就要開(kāi)幕了,大家做好熬夜觀賽的準(zhǔn)備了嗎?奧運(yùn)會(huì)的眾多項(xiàng)目中有不少是咱們中國(guó)隊(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)項(xiàng)目,比如,乒乓球、體操、跳水、羽毛球,等等。在等待奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕的這段時(shí)間,不如我們一起先學(xué)習(xí)一下這些項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)詞匯。
今天,我們先來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的是姿勢(shì)優(yōu)美的跳水項(xiàng)目。
跳水是一項(xiàng)優(yōu)美的水上運(yùn)動(dòng),它是從高處用各種姿勢(shì)躍入水中或是從跳水器械上起跳,在空中完成一定動(dòng)作姿勢(shì),并以特定動(dòng)作入水的運(yùn)動(dòng)。你別看跳水比賽從起跳到入水也就幾分鐘的時(shí)間,但是各個(gè)階段的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)可不少。
跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)
跳水運(yùn)動(dòng):(fancy) diving
跳水:dive
跳板跳水:springboard diving
跳臺(tái)跳水:platform [high] diving
雙人同步跳水:synchronized [pair] diving
跳水表演:exhibition diving
滑稽跳水:comic [funny] diving
懸崖跳水:cliff diving
跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員:(fancy) diver
跳水動(dòng)作
跳水動(dòng)作:dive
跳水動(dòng)作表:list of dives
難度系數(shù):coefficient [degree] of difficulty
低難度動(dòng)作:plain dive
高難度動(dòng)作:highly difficult dive; stunt; stunner
動(dòng)作號(hào)碼:number of dives
動(dòng)作方式:manner of execution
跳水姿勢(shì):carriage; bearing
倒下跳水:fall dive; sailor's dive
立正姿勢(shì):attention position
立定跳水:standing dive
立定起跳:standing takeoff
跑動(dòng)[助跑]跳水:running dive
向前跳水:forward [front]dive
向前直體跳水:forward dive layout; plain header forward; swallow [swan] dive
向后跳水:back(ward)dive
反身跳水:reverse dive; half gainer
反身翻騰:full gainer
反身翻騰兩周:double gainer
內(nèi)跳水:inward dive; cutaway
轉(zhuǎn)體跳水:twist dive
臂立跳水:armstand [handstand] dive
臂立向后跳水:armstand back fall
臂立翻騰:armstand somersault
中穿:cut through
飛身;燕式:flying
反身飛身跳水:flying gainer
反燕式姿勢(shì):inverted swan position
蝶式跳水:butterfly dive
起跳
跳水準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng):warm-up dive
跑動(dòng)起跳:running takeoff
開(kāi)始姿勢(shì):starting position
走板;跑臺(tái):approach; run; walk
跳臺(tái)上的助跑步:platform steps
踏跳步:hopping step
跨跳步:hurdle(step)
彈跳:bounce
擺動(dòng)腿:power [lifted] leg
向前傾斜:forward lean
向后傾斜:backward lean
蹬腿角度:angle of leg thrust
起跳:takeoff
向前起跳:forward takeoff
起跳角度:angle of takeoff
跳板跳水練習(xí):boardwork
騰空
騰起:spring up
騰空:flight; path [passage] through the air
騰空時(shí)間:duration of flight
跳水動(dòng)作最高點(diǎn):crest [top] of the dive
空中技巧:in-flight maneuver
空中姿勢(shì):position in height [in the air]
直體;A式:straight;layout; position A
屈體;B式:pike; position B
抱膝;團(tuán)身;C式:tuck; position C
自由式;D式:free; any position; position D
開(kāi)放式屈體(雙手置體側(cè)):open pike
封閉式屈體(雙手觸踩或抱腿):closed pike; jackknife
翻騰:somersault
飛身翻騰:flying somersault
向前翻騰:forward somersault
向后翻騰:back somersault
翻騰一周半:1 1/2 somersaults
翻騰兩周:double somersaults
翻騰兩周半:2 1/2 somersaults
翻騰三周:triple somersaults
向前翻騰三周半:forward 3 1/2 somersaults
轉(zhuǎn)體:twist;turn; trunk rotation
轉(zhuǎn)體半周:half twist[turn]
轉(zhuǎn)體一周:full twist
轉(zhuǎn)體兩周:double twists
向前轉(zhuǎn)體一周:forward dive 1 twist
翻騰轉(zhuǎn)體:flip turn
向前翻騰一周半轉(zhuǎn)體半周:forward 1 1/2 somersaults 1/2 twist
翻騰一周半轉(zhuǎn)體一周半:1 1/2 somersaults 1 1/2 twists
旋轉(zhuǎn)力量:spinning force
旋轉(zhuǎn)速度:spinning speed
旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)量:spinning momentum
挺直:draw up
向前伸直:extend straightforward
弓背:hollow back
弓背姿勢(shì):arched position
低頭含胸:head down on chest
收腹:abdomen in [flat]
向下壓臂:move arms down
打開(kāi):opening; coming out; alignment
身體展開(kāi):body straightening
入水
入水:entry
入水技術(shù):entry work
水花:splash; spray; dome of water
上噴水流(入水時(shí)出現(xiàn)在水面上):upjet
壓水花:rip [clean; splash-free] entry
水泡:bubble
頭先入水的跳水動(dòng)作:head-first entry
腳先入水的跳水動(dòng)作:feet-first entry
腹部拍水:belly-flop
規(guī)則與裁判
規(guī)定動(dòng)作:compulsory (dive); required dive
自選動(dòng)作:optional [voluntary] (dive)
跳水難度表:diving table
跳水動(dòng)作名稱(chēng):denomination of dive
有難度系數(shù)限制的跳水動(dòng)作:dive with limit
無(wú)難度系數(shù)限制的跳水動(dòng)作:dive without limit
試跳:attempt; trial dive
失?。篺ail; miss
重跳:repeat a dive
重做開(kāi)始動(dòng)作:re-start
評(píng)分:evaluation
很好(8.5一10.0 分): very good
好(6.5一8.0分):good
較好(5.0一6.0分):satisfactory
普通(2.5一4.5分):deficient
不好(0.5一2.0分); unsatisfactory
完全失敗(0分):completely failed
場(chǎng)地與器材
跳水池:diving pool [well]; bath
中心線:center line
縱線:cross line
跳板:springboard;(diving) board
1米跳板:one-meter springboard; low board
3米跳板:three-meter springboard; high board
支點(diǎn)調(diào)整裝置:fulcrum adjustor
防滑面:non-skid[-slip] surface
棕毯墊:cocoanut mat
橡皮墊:rubber mat
跳臺(tái):platform;tower
水面起波裝置:mechanical surface agitation
氣泡發(fā)生器:bubble generator
附: 跳水動(dòng)作號(hào)碼說(shuō)明
How to Read the Number of Dives
跳水動(dòng)作按起跳方向和動(dòng)作特點(diǎn)分為六個(gè)組:第一組為向前跳水(forward dives),第二組為向后跳水(back dives),第三組為反身跳水(reverse dives),第四組為向內(nèi)跳水(inward dives),第五組為轉(zhuǎn)體跳水(twist dives),第六組為臂立跳水(armstand dives)。跳水動(dòng)作名稱(chēng)往往念起來(lái)一大串,因此在許多場(chǎng)合用號(hào)碼來(lái)代替。
前四組的動(dòng)作號(hào)碼都是三位數(shù)。首位數(shù)表示組數(shù).同時(shí)也指出了起跳方向。第二位數(shù)為“1”時(shí)表示有飛身動(dòng)作(flying),“0”表示沒(méi)有。第三位數(shù)表示翻騰(somersault)周數(shù):“1”指半周(1/2 somersault),“2”指一周(1 somersault),“3”指一周半(1 1/2 somersaults),“4”指兩周(double somersaults)……如此類(lèi)推.目前最高水平達(dá)到“9”,即翻騰四周半(4 1/2 somersaults)。例:
102=向前翻騰一周forward somersault
213=向后飛身翻騰一周半back flying 1/2 somersaults
第五組動(dòng)作為四位數(shù)。首位數(shù)表示組數(shù)動(dòng)作均帶轉(zhuǎn)體。第二位數(shù)表示起跳方向:“1”指向前,“2”指向后,“3”指反身,“4”指向內(nèi)。第三位數(shù)表示翻騰周數(shù),已如上述。第四位數(shù)表示轉(zhuǎn)體周數(shù)折算方法同翻騰,即“1”指半周(1/2 twist), “2”指一周(1 twist)……如此類(lèi)推目前最高水平達(dá)到”9”,即轉(zhuǎn)體四周半(4 1/2 twists)。例:
5235=向后翻騰一周半轉(zhuǎn)體兩周半back 1 1/2 somersaults 2 1/2 twists
5432=向內(nèi)翻騰一周半轉(zhuǎn)體一周inward 1 1/2 somersaults 1 twist
第六組動(dòng)作為三位數(shù)或四位數(shù)。首位數(shù)表示組數(shù),動(dòng)作均從臂立開(kāi)始。第二位數(shù)表示起跳方向,第三位數(shù)表示翻騰周數(shù).如果是翻騰加轉(zhuǎn)體,則加上第四位數(shù)表示轉(zhuǎn)體周數(shù)。例:
614=臂立向前翻騰兩周armstand forward double somersaults
6122=臂立向前翻騰一周轉(zhuǎn)體一周armstand forward somersault 1 twist
各組動(dòng)作號(hào)碼后面還可以加A、B、C或D分別表示直體(straight)、屈體(pike)、抱膝(tuck )或自由(free )空中姿勢(shì)。