VOA一分鐘英語：過去完成時(shí)怎么用？

“時(shí)態(tài)（tense）” 是英語語法中的一大難點(diǎn)。尤其是當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中存在不同時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候，要想準(zhǔn)確地把握句意，就需要理解每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法。我們用過去完成時(shí)談?wù)撨^去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？當(dāng)一句話中，過去完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，哪一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)所描述的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生？
 
Hi, everyone, I’m James and today we’re going to talk about the past perfect tense – how we form it, and why we use it!
“By the time I arrived at the airport, the plane had already left.”
In this example, ‘had left’ is the past perfect tense. The structure for the past perfect tense is ‘had’ plus a past participle.
There are two past actions – ‘arriving at the airport’ and ‘the plane leaving’. But which of these happened first?
The clue is the past perfect tense! The action in the past perfect is the action that always happens first.
Because the verb ‘leave’ is in the past perfect, ‘had left’, we know that this action happened first.
The action that happens second is often in the past simple tense.
In this example: I arrived.
When you want to talk about two past actions, one which happened before the other, remember to use the past perfect for the first action, and the past simple for the second.
Thanks for joining us for this English In A Minute!
 
用法總結(jié)
1 過去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是 “had” + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。
 
2 當(dāng)一句話中有兩個(gè)在過去不同時(shí)段發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作使用過去完成時(shí)，而后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作則常用一般過去時(shí)。
By the time I arrived at the airport, the plane had already left.