工商管理英語(yǔ)Chapter 11 生產(chǎn)管理

[00:00.00]inventory n. [00:00.59]清單 [00:01.18]liter n. [00:01.65]公升 [00:02.12]recommend vt. [00:02.82]推薦 [00:03.53]furnace n. [00:04.05]火爐 [00:04.57]cable n. [00:05.09]電纜 [00:05.62]material n. [00:06.22]材料 [00:06.82]wrapping a. n. [00:07.31]包裝用的, 包裝紙 [00:07.81]A:Let's go through the inventory then. [00:09.08]我們先來審查一下庫(kù)存清單吧。 [00:10.34]Let's start with fuel first liquid gas? [00:11.85]從燃料開始先看液化氣好吧? [00:13.35]B:We've got about 200 litres. [00:14.24]我們有200升左右。 [00:15.12]The recommended stock level is 400. [00:16.61]推薦庫(kù)存量是400。 [00:18.10]A:So we've got too little. [00:19.08]因此我們的存量太少。 [00:20.06]Better put an order in. [00:21.00]最好再訂購(gòu)一些。 [00:21.94]The other fuel is coal for the furnace? [00:23.76]另一種燃料是熔爐用煤吧? [00:25.57]B:About 50 tons. [00:26.45]大概有50噸。 [00:27.32]Recommended level is 30. [00:28.40]推薦儲(chǔ)存量是30噸。 [00:29.47]A:A bit too much,then run the stocks down over the next week. [00:31.66]那就是太多了些，下星期要降低煤的庫(kù)存量。 [00:33.85]Now then,what about spare parts? [00:35.34]那么備用件怎么樣? [00:36.83]We're always running short of cable. [00:38.15]我們的電纜總是短缺。 [00:39.47]B:Let me just see what we've got...about 30 meters in stock. [00:41.43]我來看看還有多少……還存有30米左右。 [00:43.39]A:Is that enough? [00:44.07]夠用嗎? [00:44.75]B:No,manybe a bit too little.I'll order some more. [00:47.12]不夠，可能太少了一些。我將再訂購(gòu)一些。 [00:49.50]A:What about pipes? [00:50.25]管子情況怎么樣? [00:50.99]B:Well,we've got 25.That's plenty.Probably too many. [00:54.65]嗯，我們存有25根。足夠了?？赡芴嗔恕? [00:58.31]A:OK.Now let's move on to the packing material.First,boxes? [01:01.62]好，現(xiàn)在來查看一下包裝材料。第一，包裝箱情況怎么樣? [01:04.94]B:About 400 in stock,too few I think for this time of year. [01:07.17]庫(kù)里存有400個(gè)左右，對(duì)一年中的這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)我認(rèn)為太少。 [01:09.41]I'll put them on order. [01:10.16]我將把它們寫進(jìn)訂貨單里。 [01:10.92]A:And how much wrapping paper is we carrying? [01:12.70]那我們還有多少包裝紙呢? [01:14.48]B:About one ton.Slightly too little. [01:15.91]大概有1噸。稍微少了一點(diǎn)兒。 [01:17.35]A:OK.And how many pallets for stacking? [01:19.10]行。運(yùn)貨托架有多少? [01:20.85]B:That's a problem.We've had difficulties getting them back.We've far too few at the moment. [01:24.61]這還是個(gè)問題呢?；厥肇浖芤恢焙茈y。目前短缺很多。 [01:28.37]A:Um...we'll have to do something about that. [01:29.99]嗯……我們得采取點(diǎn)措施才行。 [01:31.61]input n. vt. [01:32.23]輸入，輸入 [01:32.84]output n. [01:33.39]輸出 [01:33.94]planning vt. [01:34.46]規(guī)劃 [01:34.98]equipment n. [01:35.57]設(shè)備 [01:36.16]cash n. vt. [01:36.64]現(xiàn)金, 兌現(xiàn) [01:37.12]demand n. vt. [01:37.71]要求，要求 [01:38.30]capacity n. [01:39.10]容量 [01:39.89]responsibility n. [01:40.81]責(zé)任 [01:41.72]project n. [01:42.35]方案 [01:42.97]jobbing [01:43.52]單件生產(chǎn) [01:44.07]batch n. [01:44.67]一批，批量生產(chǎn) [01:45.27]line n. [01:45.84]行，流水線生產(chǎn) [01:46.40]Production management and operations management describes the same set of tasks. [01:49.75]生產(chǎn)管理和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理這兩個(gè)詞所描述的是同類任務(wù)。 [01:53.11]Both are concerned with managing those resources of an enterprise that are required to produce and distribute the goods or services to be sold to consumers or other organizations. [02:00.54]二者都是涉及企業(yè)對(duì)生產(chǎn)銷售給顧客或者其他機(jī)構(gòu)的商品或者服務(wù)所需要的資源的管理。 [02:07.97]Production management and operations management describes the same set of tasks. [02:11.19]生產(chǎn)管理和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理這兩個(gè)詞所描述的是同類任務(wù)。 [02:14.40]operations management [02:15.37]生產(chǎn)管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理 [02:16.33]Most organizations provide and sell a mix of products and services. [02:18.70]大多數(shù)企業(yè)所提供給人們的是產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的混和體。 [02:21.06]The provision of a service or production of a product is the principal responsibility of operations. [02:25.21]經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的主要職責(zé)就是提供產(chǎn)品的服務(wù)和生產(chǎn)。 [02:29.37]The operations function is typically responsible for some 80 percent of all the costs incurred by a business. [02:33.48]生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)占用了企業(yè)80%的成本。 [02:37.60]The basic task in operations is to take inputs in the form of resources and convert them into outputs in the form of products and services. [02:43.11]生產(chǎn)的基本任務(wù)就是將輸入的資源轉(zhuǎn)換為輸出的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。 [02:48.62]Given the high level of costs involved,the operations function also has a prime role in managing the money flow. [02:53.96]假如成本很高，那么流動(dòng)資金的管理也將是生產(chǎn)管理的一項(xiàng)主要任務(wù)。 [02:59.30]Within operations there exists a substantial portion of two key elements of successful business_profits through the control of costs,and cash flow through planning decisions and lead time control. [03:06.48]成功的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主要取決于兩個(gè)因素通過控制成本以提高利潤(rùn)和通過決策及控制資金周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間以獲取流動(dòng)資金。 [03:13.65]Functions exist primarily to help fulfill the role of selling and providing customers with a company's products and services at an acceptable level of profit. [03:19.56]職能部門存在的主要作用就是保證在一定利潤(rùn)水平上向顧客提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。 [03:25.48]Design not only concerns functionality but also has a critical impact on product/service costs. [03:30.02]設(shè)計(jì)不僅要關(guān)心產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的功能，而且還要考慮它們的成本。 [03:34.57]The concept of standardization concerns using the same materials,components,subassemblies and/or modules within the design of two or more product/services. [03:40.70]標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化是指在設(shè)計(jì)兩種以上的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)時(shí)，使用相同的材料、零部件或相同的模式。 [03:46.82]The increasing level of product/service diversification is an important factor in today's increasingly competitive markets. [03:51.12]產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的多樣化是當(dāng)今日益激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)重要因素。 [03:55.42]The operations process concerns transforming inputs into out_puts and is accomplished by a combination of labor and processes/equipment within the delivery system. [04:02.14]生產(chǎn)過程是把投入轉(zhuǎn)換成產(chǎn)出的過程，它是通過勞動(dòng)力和過程工藝或設(shè)備在產(chǎn)出系統(tǒng)中的結(jié)合來完成的。 [04:08.87]Organizations that sell large_scale,complex products or services which cannot be physically moved once completed will normally provide these on a project basis. [04:15.43]企業(yè)通常以專項(xiàng)工程的形式，提供大規(guī)模的復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，這種復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)一旦生成，就不能再移動(dòng)。 [04:21.98]A jobbing process is chosen to meet the one_off or small_order requirements of customers. [04:25.29]零工生產(chǎn)過程工藝是為了滿足顧客一次性或少量訂貨的要求。 [04:28.59]The word customized refers to a product/service which is made to a customer's specification. [04:32.08]“定做”一詞指的是按照顧客要求的規(guī)格制作產(chǎn)品或提供服務(wù)。 [04:35.57]In a batch process,similar items required in larger volumes than in a jobbing process,will be provided. [04:40.05]大批量的生產(chǎn)過程需要生產(chǎn)過程相同的，比零工生產(chǎn)數(shù)量更大的產(chǎn)品。 [04:44.53]The essential characteristic of line(compared to batch),is that to produce another product or provide another service,the process does not have to be stopped and reset. [04:50.73]流水線的基本特征(與批量生產(chǎn)相比)是在生產(chǎn)或提供另一種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)時(shí)，生產(chǎn)過程不必停下來再重新啟動(dòng)。 [04:56.93]With continuous processing,one or several basic materials are processed through successive stages and refined into one or more products,for example,petrochemicals. [05:03.48]在連續(xù)加工生產(chǎn)過程中，一種或幾種基礎(chǔ)材料經(jīng)過一系列連續(xù)的加工階段后，制成一種或幾種產(chǎn)品，比如石油化工產(chǎn)品。 [05:10.02]With increases in volume,an organization will start to move from low_volume to high_volume markets. [05:13.89]隨著產(chǎn)量的增加，企業(yè)將從低份額市場(chǎng)向高份額市場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 [05:17.75]In project and jobbing processes the nature of the task tends to involve unique,variable operations providing flexible responses. [05:23.27]在專項(xiàng)工程和零工式生產(chǎn)過程工藝中，要求能對(duì)獨(dú)特的、變化的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)做出靈活的反應(yīng)。 [05:28.78]Many companies have developed hybrid processes,the reason for which is to provide a process which better reflects the needs in terms of being able to support the characteristics of their markets. [05:36.16]許多企業(yè)都已發(fā)展了復(fù)合過程，以便更好地滿足顧客在這些方面的需求，從而維持它們的市場(chǎng)特色。 [05:43.54]Although each hybrid format will comprise a mix of two process types,it will still be classified as belonging to one or the other. [05:49.00]盡管每種復(fù)合形式都由兩種過程工藝類型復(fù)合而成，它將仍然歸屬于其中一種過程工藝。 [05:54.46]In manufacturing,customers are invariably separated from the production system through,for example,inventory and the wholesale/retail system. [05:59.82]在生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中，顧客和生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)是分開的，比如庫(kù)存和批發(fā)/零售機(jī)制中就是這樣。 [06:05.19]In a service/delivery system the provider and customer are invariably linked at the point of provision. [06:09.14]在服務(wù)或送貨系統(tǒng)中，服務(wù)者和顧客在供應(yīng)環(huán)節(jié)上始終是聯(lián)為一體的。 [06:13.08]Capacity decision is a critical aspect of operations management due to the constraints it may impose on other planning activities. [06:18.08]由于生產(chǎn)能力決策可能會(huì)限制其他計(jì)劃活動(dòng)，因此它是生產(chǎn)管理中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。 [06:23.09]Demand forecasting is difficult.No matter which method is used,it will not be accurate. [06:25.84]需求預(yù)測(cè)是很難的，不管用哪種方法，預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果都不會(huì)非常精確。 [06:28.60]When planning ahead,coping with inaccuracy is better than having no forecast at all. [06:31.72]提前進(jìn)行計(jì)劃來消除預(yù)測(cè)誤差總比根本沒有預(yù)測(cè)要好些。 [06:34.84]A prerequisite for capacity planning is a statement of demand. [06:37.01]生產(chǎn)能力計(jì)劃的一個(gè)前提是了解需求。 [06:39.18]A prerequisite for capacity planning is a statement of demand. [06:41.42]生產(chǎn)能力計(jì)劃的一個(gè)前提是了解需求。 [06:43.67]capacity planning [06:44.40]能力計(jì)劃 [06:45.13]The perishable nature of service capacity has led some organizations to overbook on purpose in order to ensure that the capacity is used as much as possible. [06:51.06]服務(wù)能力的暫時(shí)性使得一些公司超額預(yù)定生產(chǎn)力，以保證生產(chǎn)能力盡可能的充分利用。 [06:56.99]Operations control concerns meeting a company's short_term specific plans. [06:59.96]生產(chǎn)控制的目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)的短期計(jì)劃。 [07:02.92]The key element of the control task for a continuous system is one of providing the materials needed to complete the products involved. [07:07.90]對(duì)連續(xù)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制管理的關(guān)鍵是提供完成有關(guān)產(chǎn)品所需要的材料。 [07:12.88]The key to reducing inventory is based on knowing why the current levels exist,changing the rules/procedures which caused this excessive build_up and then,over time,draining off the unwanted inventory while allowing only agreed additions to be made. [07:23.95]減少庫(kù)存的關(guān)鍵在于：了解處于現(xiàn)有庫(kù)存水平的原因，改變導(dǎo)致庫(kù)存過量的規(guī)劃/程序，再逐步地消化不需要的庫(kù)存，同時(shí)只允許一定量的庫(kù)存增加。 [07:35.03]The concept of quality concerns how well and for how long a product/service meets the requirements of the customer. [07:40.11]質(zhì)量是指產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)在多大程度上和多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里滿足顧客的需求。

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