國家地理:阿爾卑斯山見證氣候變化危機

It’s time for these men to get ready for work, and work means hanging off a cliff at 10,000 feet. High in the Austrian Alps, these men are trying to rescue a historic weather station from the weather itself.
“It was a couple of years ago, we saw this crack and this whole supporting structure is based on 5 pillars. This one lowered itself about 4 or 5 millimeters. This meant to us the mountain is moving.”
For more than a hundred years, Sonnblick Observatory has taken the Alps temperature.
“So the whole climate change which it could observe in the twentieth century was observed here. ”
And in the past few decades it’s measured a slow but steady increase. Lue Rasser has been watching the weather data at Sonnblick for more than 20 years.
“A lot of facts show the climate is changing dramatically and it is a tragic change. A good example is average temperature. It’s moved up by more than 1 degree centigrade.”
And from here Lue can watch it all in real time. “This is the meteor data system and you can read all the weather measurements right here. For example we can show precipitation, snow levels on glaciers, wind temperature, global and sky radiation and a whole lot more.”
But now the warmer weather is melting glaciers and hitting meteorologists right where they live. Sonnblick’s peak used to be held together by mountain permafrost, but with rising temperatures the permafrost was melting and the rock under the station was crumbling away.
“When I started here in 1980 precipitation was snow or sleet, but for the last 15 years the temperature is so high that at least for a month each year we only have rain.”
“And this rain caused freezing and refreezing and melting within the cracks and this of course splits up the cracks, you know.”
So the workers drilled holes deep into the mountain top, searching for rock that wasn’t cracked. They built a web of steel and concrete to hold the mountain together, and maybe, just maybe, keep the station standing.
Up here the weather can change in an instant and that’s why Sonnblick really does tower above most other observatories because it’s seen it all.
It is the oldest mountain observatory in 3000 meters in the whole world, and it collected data since 1886.
And the data show the warmer weather is giving no signs of slowing down, not just at Sonnblick but all through the Alps. Even mighty mountains are no match for a little rising thermometer. So for now, for the people at Sonnblick, fighting the effects of climate change is an uphill battle.
參考中文翻譯：
這些人工作的時間到了，工作意味著懸掛在10，000英尺高的懸崖上。在奧地利境內高高的阿爾卑斯山上，這些人試圖拯救一個歷史性的氣象站免于天氣破壞。
“大約兩年前，我們看到了這個裂縫，整個支持結構由5根柱子支撐。而這一根下降了四五毫米。這說明山體移動了。”
100多年來，Sonnblick氣象臺一直記錄阿爾卑斯山的氣溫。
“所以20世紀所有能夠觀察到的氣候變化都是在這里觀測到的。”
在過去的幾十年里，氣溫緩慢但是穩(wěn)步上升。Lue Rasser在Sonnblick觀測氣象數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)有20多年的歷史。
“多項事實表明，氣候確實在急劇變化，而且是災難性的變化。其中一個例子就是平均氣溫上升了1攝氏度以上。”
在這里Lue可以進行實時觀測。“這是流星數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)，你可以在這里讀取到所有的測量結果。例如，我們可以進行預測，冰川雪線，風溫，全球和前空輻射，所有的預測都可以進行。”
但是現(xiàn)在氣候變暖，冰川融化，直接威脅到氣象學家居住的地方。 由于永久冰凍，Sonnblick頂峰一向是聚集成一個整體，但是由于氣溫升高，永久冰凍融化，氣象站的巖石逐漸分裂。
“從1980年我到這里開始，預報結果一般是降雪或者冰雹，但是從15年前開始，由于氣溫升高，每年至少有一個月能夠預測到降雨。”
“雨水引起裂縫中產生冰凍，重復冰凍和融化，你知道，這樣會加大裂縫。”
所以工人們們在山頂向山體鉆孔，希望尋找到?jīng)]有開裂的巖石。他們建造了一個鋼筋混凝土網(wǎng)絡，希望重新把山體連接在一起，或許，只是有可能，保持氣象站穩(wěn)定。
“在這里氣候瞬息萬變，這就是Sonnblick氣象站能夠比其他觀測站觀測更好的原因。”
這是全世界最古老的高山氣象站，位于海拔3000米的高山上，從1886年開始收集數(shù)據(jù)。
數(shù)據(jù)表明，氣候變暖沒有任何變緩的跡象，并不只是在Sonnblick，而是整個阿爾卑斯山。即使是強有力的高山也承受不了一點點升溫。所以，現(xiàn)在，對Sonnblick的人們來說，抵抗氣候變暖的影響的戰(zhàn)爭悅來越艱巨。