國(guó)家地理:Green Roofs Are Nothing New 草坪屋頂有利環(huán)保

Walk through any town or village in the Faroe Islands, located between Iceland and Scotland, and it will be hard not to notice the green grass roofed houses on every street. A local historian says, because of the lack of natural building resources on the islands, the Vikings used grass on their roofs to provide stability and extra insulation.
"The grass is something that roofs here when the Viking came and started it, or maybe even the monks started it with the grass roof. We don't know."
He says young people on the islands continue to build their houses with traditional grass roofs, not only to continue the tradition, but also because there are environmental advantages. Grass roofs filter pollutants and CO2 out of the air.
"Here, you have this waterproof membrane, and the first you have to do that, the, actually, grass is against this waterproof membrane. The root is up. To keep to hold this made mechanical ,and then you have to put this fishnet here, and this will be tied around the edges of the house. Afterwards you take the second lay of the grass and put it over."
Yore says having a grass roof is a way for people on the islands to take responsibility for the environment. He says, if a house has 150 square meters of grass roofing, the grass would produce enough oxygen for one person per day. Jacob Mittyord has incorporated a grass roof into his new house design.
"There are two reasons. The first is the aesthetic, we want it to look nice. And the second is the tradition. It's an old tradition in the Faroe Islands, so we asked our architect to get some solutions, where we could combine this new art style, that (went) well together with this old fashion."
Last fall, former U.S. president Bill Clinton visited the Faroe’s capital for a conference, and spoke on the effects of climate change.
"I look at the old-fashioned roofs with the grass on it, and I was thinking how far ahead of us you're now. All over America we're in a mad rush to green all of our roofs , to put vegetation on our roofs, to cut down on the electric cost and the CO2 emissions that come from having inefficient buildings."
The Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands has a grass roof on his house.
"First of all, I think it's very important that we all, very all, we in the society, politicians, or a school teacher, or a fisherman, that we're putting the climate in focus, that we're thinking about the climate change all the time."
參考中文翻譯：
走在位于冰島和蘇格蘭之間的法羅群島的任何一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)或者村莊，你都很難不注意到每條街上綠色的草坪屋頂。一名當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史學(xué)家說(shuō)，由于島上缺乏天然的建筑，北歐海盜利用屋頂上的草來(lái)增加穩(wěn)定性和額外的隔離。
“這些草是當(dāng)初北歐海盜開(kāi)始來(lái)到這里建造房屋的時(shí)候種植的，或許甚至是僧侶們開(kāi)始建造這種種滿草地屋頂。我們不知道。”
他說(shuō)現(xiàn)在島上的年輕人建造房屋的時(shí)候仍然建造草做的屋頂，不僅僅是為了延續(xù)這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，而且因?yàn)榄h(huán)保方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。屋頂上的草可以凈化空氣中的污染物和二氧化碳。
“這里有一些防水薄膜，事實(shí)上，你要想到的第一件事是，草根會(huì)把包膜穿破的。如果要切實(shí)可行的話，你必須鋪一些魚(yú)網(wǎng)，這些魚(yú)網(wǎng)會(huì)被綁在房子邊緣。之后你要在上面鋪設(shè)第二層草。”
Yore說(shuō)建造草制屋頂可以增強(qiáng)島上居民的環(huán)保責(zé)任感。她說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)一個(gè)房間有150平方米的草制屋頂，這些草可以產(chǎn)生足夠一個(gè)人一天呼吸的氧氣。Jacob Mittyord 在他的新的房屋設(shè)計(jì)中就加入了草坪的屋頂。
“有兩個(gè)原因。第一是從審美的角度講，我們希望新房子看上去漂亮。第二點(diǎn)是傳統(tǒng)。這是法羅群島的一個(gè)古老的傳統(tǒng)，所以我們請(qǐng)我們的建筑師想出一個(gè)解決方案，能夠融合這種新的建筑風(fēng)格和古老的樣式。”
去年秋天，前任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)克林頓造訪法羅群島，就氣候變化的影響發(fā)表講話。
“我看了一下這種種草的古老風(fēng)格的屋頂，我在想，你們現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的超前于我們。整個(gè)美國(guó)都在忙著綠化我們的屋頂，在屋頂上種植植物來(lái)降低由于低效的建筑帶來(lái)的電力成本和二氧化碳排放量。”
法羅群島總理的住宅也是草坪屋頂。