大學英語自學教程 unit 14

[00:00.00]Unit 14 text A [00:05.09]The importance of Being Kind and Polite [00:08.22]友善和禮貌的重要性 [00:11.34]"Frankly, I think you're boring." [00:13.86]"老實說,我覺得你很乏味." [00:16.38]Why do we seldom hear people speak so honestly? [00:19.50]為什么我們很少聽到人們說話如此坦城? [00:22.62]Unless you want to end a relationship, [00:25.00]除非你想結束與他或她的關系, [00:27.38]you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this. [00:30.80]你當然不會像這樣告訴他或她你的真實想法. [00:34.22]Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps, [00:37.55]如果一個朋友向你展示他的集郵冊,你絲毫未被打動; [00:40.88]yawning when a golfer tells you about that great shot he made on the 14th hole, [00:44.85]如果一個高爾球手告訴你他在打第十四洞時打了如何漂亮的一桿,而你卻打了個哈欠; [00:48.82]or falling asleep when friends show picturesfrom their last trip to Sault Ste. Marie are all things that educated people try not to do. [00:55.41]或者當朋友們向你炫耀他們上次蘇圣瑪麗之旅的照片時,你卻睡著了,這些都是有教養(yǎng)的人所盡力避免的行為 [01:01.99]This is what manners are about: [01:04.88]這就是禮義的內(nèi)容: [01:07.76]acting in a civilized way to avoid misunderstanding friction, and conflict. [01:12.08]以文明的方式行事,避免誤解,摩擦和沖突. [01:16.41]There are no laws enforcing respect. [01:18.93]并沒有法律強迫你去遵重別人. [01:21.45]Yet we cannot interact with others without some rules of behavior, [01:25.07]然而我們與別人打交道卻不能沒有一定的行為準則, [01:28.69]rules that are set by some form of social consensus. [01:31.86]這些準則是由某種形式的社會公論所決定的. [01:35.03]These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable [01:38.72]這些標準代表了大多數(shù)人的意見, [01:42.40]and what they consider unacceptable. [01:44.99]認為什么可以接受,什么不可以接受. [01:47.57]Rude people are those whose behavior shows little respect for the rules that the majority follow. [01:52.44]某些人的行為很少尊重大多數(shù)的所遵從的準則,他們就是粗魯?shù)娜? [01:57.32]For instance, because they talk at home while the television is on [02:00.86]比如,因為人們在家看電視的時候可以談話, [02:04.40]many people think they can talk at movies as well. [02:07.57]很多人就認為在電影院里照樣可以談話. [02:10.74]They are not even aware that this habit will botherthe other members of the audience. [02:15.01]他們甚至意識不到這個習慣會影響其他觀眾. [02:19.28]Restaurants have smoking and non-smoking sections, [02:22.52]餐館設有煙區(qū)和非吸煙區(qū), [02:25.76]and most smokers are polite enough to ask, [02:28.40]而且多數(shù)吸煙者在點煙以前總會禮貌地問一句, [02:31.04]"Do you mind if I smoke?" before lighting up. [02:33.86]"我吸煙您介意嗎?" [02:36.68]Restaurants should also have cellular-phone and no-cellu-hr-phone sections [02:41.07]餐館也應設移動電話或非移動電話區(qū). [02:45.46]A new class of rude people has been born: [02:48.24]一種新的舉止粗魯?shù)碾A層正在興起: [02:51.02]the look-at-me phone users whoee boring conversationsare just as dan-gerous to our mental health [02:56.40]就是那些"看我多神氣"的打電話的人.他們乏味的電話聊天就像煙霧 [03:01.79]as smoke is to our lungs. [03:04.06]有害于肺部一樣危害著人們的精神健康. [03:06.33]Sometimes, it is better to remain unknown [03:09.52]有時候,與其讓別人憎恨, [03:12.71]than to make people hate you. [03:14.89]還不如自己默默無聞. [03:17.07]There are many children and adolescents whose behavior is gener-ally unacceptable. [03:21.44]很多兒童和青少年的舉止總的來說不可接受. [03:25.82]They swear no matter who is around them [03:28.39]不管身邊有誰,他們照樣罵人, [03:30.96]they listen to their Walkmans while the teacher is talking to them. [03:34.24]老師和他們談話的時候,他們都照樣聽"隨身聽". [03:37.52]Indifferent parents who refuse to discipline their childrenare not helping them. [03:41.84]滿不在乎的家長拒絕用紀律約束孩子,這不是在幫自己的子女. [03:46.17]Kids who have no idea what being polite meanswill pay the price sooner or later. [03:50.90]不知禮貌為何物的孩子們遲早是要付出代價的. [03:55.62]When they join the work force, [03:58.11]當他們工作以后, [04:00.59]their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people [04:05.37]老板和同事早晚會察覺這些舉止粗魯?shù)哪贻p人 [04:10.15]is closer to that of animals than civilized individuals. [04:13.69]更像動物而不像文明人. [04:17.23]When they lose a few contracts because they [04:19.96]當他們因談話時滿嘴食物 [04:22.69]talk with their mouth full or when they say "Bob" to someone who should be "Mr.Johnson," [04:26.92]而丟掉了幾個合同,或本應稱"約翰遜先生"但卻叫他"鮑勃"時, [04:31.15]these grown-up kids,because of their ignorance, [04:34.02]這些長大了的孩子們,由于他們的無知, [04:36.90]will never understand why others are getting aheadand they are not. [04:40.72]永遠不明白為什么別人在取得成功,而自己卻不能. [04:44.55]Every little bit of kindness helps. [04:47.44]每一丁點的友善都會讓人受益匪淺. [04:50.32]With manners,the best rule is the one that works. [04:53.50]對于儀態(tài)來說,什么奏效,什么就是最好的準則. [04:56.67]It is easier to look and sound attractive when we are nice to other people [05:00.40]當我們和顏悅色待人時,我們更容易看上去并聽起來都充滿魅力. [05:04.12]Being polite and showing respectcan give us an edge. [05:07.94]彬彬有禮和尊重別人 [05:11.77]Why do we need an edge? [05:13.85]會使我們占有優(yōu)勢? [05:15.92]Success in life often starts with a job we like, [05:19.35]生活中的成功總是開始于一份我們喜歡的工作, [05:22.77]and since getting a job is usually based on making the right impression, [05:26.45]而給人一個好印象是得到一份工作的關鍵, [05:30.14]it is always a good idea to be kind and polite. [05:33.91]所以和善待人,彬彬有禮永遠不失為一個好主意. [05:37.68]Text B [05:40.56]Why We Walk in Circles [05:42.69]為什么我們走路會轉圈 [05:44.82]"Pin the Tail on the Donkey" [05:46.74]"給驢安尾" [05:48.66]is always funwhen you're watchlng rather than pinning. [05:51.24]的游戲就永遠樂趣無窮.如果你只是旁觀者而不是游戲者, [05:53.83]It is somewhat'surprising to see how the blindfolded performers act. [05:56.91]觀看那些蒙著眼的游戲者的表現(xiàn)有點讓人驚奇. [05:59.99]Instead of going straight,they always wander off to one side or the other [06:03.38]他們總是歪向這邊或那邊,而不是一直向前走. [06:06.76]The greater the distance to the donkey, the farther they go astray. [06:10.00]距離驢子越遠,他們偏得越厲害. [06:13.24]Have you ever wondered why they are unable to walk straight ahead? [06:16.06]你是否會問為什么他們不能走直線行走呢? [06:18.88]It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle [06:21.41]這是一個眾所周知的事實, [06:23.95]when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction. [06:26.43]即當一上人不能用眼睛控制他的方向時,他會繞圈走. [06:28.91]Dark nights, dense fogs, blinding snowstorms, [06:32.03]黑夜,濃霧,讓人盲目的暴風雪天氣 [06:35.15]thick forests all these can keep a traveler from seeing where he is going [06:38.58]以及茂密的森林－－所有這些都使旅行者看不清自己的去向． [06:42.00]Then he is unable to move in any fixed direction, but walks in circles. [06:45.83]于是他就不能沿著某一固定的方向行走，而是繞田圈子． [06:49.65]Animals act the same way. [06:51.53]動物也是如此． [06:53.41]You have probably heard the saying [06:55.61]你可能聽說過一句諺語： [06:57.80]"running around like a chicken with its head cut off." [07:00.32]＂像被砍掉頭的雞一樣繞圈．＂ [07:02.84]Well, a chicken with its head cut off actually does run around in circles. [07:05.78]真的，頭被砍掉的雞還真昌繞著圈子跑． [07:08.72]Blind birds fly in circles. [07:10.99]眼瞎的鳥兒也是繞圈子飛． [07:13.27]And a blindfolded dog will swim in circles. [07:16.05]還有，被蒙朧住眼睛的狗游泳時也繞著圈游． [07:18.83]A Norwegian biologist, F.O. Guldbergdecided [07:21.91]一位挪威生物學家古爾伯格 [07:25.00]that this problem of circular movementwas worth investigating. [07:28.26]認為這種轉圈運動問題值得研究． [07:31.53]He collected many true stories on the subject. [07:34.16]就此課題了收集了許多真實的故事． [07:36.80]One of his stories is about people rowing on a lake [07:39.44]其中一個故事是講在一個有霧的黑漆漆的夜里， [07:42.08]during a fog on a dark night. [07:44.05]一群人在湖上劃船． [07:46.02]One group of rowers who tried to cross three miles of water [07:49.05]這群劃船的人想穿過3英里的水面 [07:52.08]in foggy weathernever succeeded in reaching their goal. [07:54.62]卻怎么也達不到他們的目標. [07:57.15]Without knowing it,they rowed in two large circles. [08:00.48]他們不知不覺地劃了兩個大圓圈. [08:03.81]When they finally got to the shore, [08:06.14]當他們終于靠岸時, [08:08.46]they discovered that they were at the spot they had started from. [08:11.19]發(fā)現(xiàn)又回到了出發(fā)的地方. [08:13.92]After studying many stories such as this, [08:16.74]研究了許多這樣的故事以后, [08:19.57]Professor Guldberg wrote an article in which he discussed [08:22.54]古爾伯格教授撰文討論了 [08:25.52]Circular Motion as the Basic Motion of Animals. [08:28.30]"轉圈運動是動物的基本運動方式". [08:31.09]"A simple example will help you to understand his explanation ofwhy we walk in circles. [08:35.02]一個簡單的例子可以幫助你理解他對為什么我們走路會轉圈這個問題做的解釋. [08:38.95]Have you ever wound up a toy automobile and started it off across the floor? [08:42.42]你曾經(jīng)給一輛玩具汽車上滿發(fā)條并讓它們地板上跑過嗎? [08:45.90]Then you know that it will rarely travel in a straight path. [08:48.47]那么你就知道它很少能沿一條直線運動. [08:51.04]It will travel, instead, in some kind of are, or curve. [08:54.02]相反,它會跑成一條弧線或一條曲線. [08:57.00]If it is to travel in a straight llne, [08:59.02]如果讓它跑成直線, [09:01.05]the wheels on both sideshave to be of exactly equal size. [09:04.22]兩邊的輪子就要完全一樣大小. [09:07.40]If they are not, [09:09.07]如果不是, [09:10.74]the little automobile turns toward the sidewith the smaller wheels. [09:13.86]小玩具汽車就會向較小的輪子那邊轉. [09:16.98]Circular, movement in walking is caused in much the same way. [09:20.16]行走時的轉圈現(xiàn)象 也是由十分相同的原因引起的. [09:23.33]Us-ally a manwalking will "watch his step" and "look where he is going." [09:27.25]通常一個人走路時會"注意腳下"并"看清方向". [09:31.17]He needs his senses' especially his eyesto get to the point he intends to reach. [09:35.14]他需要運用他的感覺,特別是眼睛,以到達自己要去的地方. [09:39.11]When he cannot use his eyes to guide his steps, [09:41.77]當他不能用眼睛引導腳步時, [09:44.44]he will walk straight only if he takes a stepof the same length with each foot. [09:47.47]只有兩腳邁出的步伐完全一樣他才能走得筆直. [09:50.50]In most people,however,muscle development is not the same in both legs [09:54.18]然而對于多數(shù)人來說,兩腿的肌肉發(fā)達程度并不一樣, [09:57.86]so that it is probable that the steps will be uneven. [10:00.44]所以走起步來很可能不勻稱. [10:03.01]The difference may be so small that no one is aware of it. [10:05.69]這種差異也許很小以至于沒有人會注意到它. [10:08.37]But small as his, it can cause circular movement. [10:11.25]但是雖然差異很小,它卻能千百萬邊境轉圈移動. [10:14.14]Let us suppose that a man's left foot takes a step 20 inches long [10:17.67]假設一個人左腳每步走20英寸 [10:21.19]and that his right foot takes a step 30 inches long. [10:24.08]而右腳每步走30英寸. [10:26.96]Now suppose he takes ten step [10:29.34]現(xiàn)在假設他走了10步 [10:31.72]--five with his left footand five with his right. [10:34.40]----左腳5步右腳5步. [10:37.07]His left foot will travel 100 inches. [10:39.56]其左腳將走100英寸. [10:42.04]His right foot will travel 150 inches. [10:44.82]其右腳則走了150英寸. [10:47.60]This sounds impossible. One foot cannot remain 50 inches behind the other [10:51.53]這聽起來不太可能.一只腳不可能落后于另一只腳50英寸. [10:55.46]What really happens?At each step the man turns a little bit to the left. [10:59.29]事實會怎樣呢?每走一步,這個人就往左偏一點. [11:03.12]Sooner or later he makes a complete circle [11:05.69]遲早他就會走完整的一圈. [11:08.26]The tracks of his feet, however, make two circles, one inside the other [11:12.00]他的足跡,就這樣,形成內(nèi)外兩個圈. [11:15.74]His left foot makes the smaller circle because it is taking smaller steps [11:19.00]他的左腳走了內(nèi)圈,因為左腳步伐較小. [11:22.27]His right foot makes the larger circle because it is taking larger steps [11:25.83]他的右腳走了外圈,因為右腳步伐較大. [11:29.40]This is why a person may walk in an are when he sets out in a straight line. [11:32.88]這就是一個人往前走直線卻反而走出弧線來的原因. [11:36.37]The muscles of a man's arms are no more identical than the muscles of his legs [11:40.09]一個人手臂的肌肉和他的兩腿的肌肉一樣不是完全相同的. [11:43.82]This explains why the rowers who set out to cross the lakeat night rowed in a circle. [11:47.70]這就解釋了為什么劃船的人在夜間想劃過湖面反而卻劃成圓圈. [11:51.58]By the same rule, a bird's wings do not develop evenly [11:54.81]同樣的規(guī)則 ,鳥兒的翅膀也發(fā)育不均衡, [11:58.05]and so it will fly in circles when blinded. [12:00.48]于是當蒙住鳥兒的眼睛時,它就會轉圈飛. [12:02.91]Thus,dear readers,our circular mystery has a very straight answer. [12:06.39]因此,親愛的讀者,我們的圓圈奧秘卻有著一個非常直截了當?shù)拇鸢?

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