大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程 unit 07
- Unit 7 Text A
- Unit 7 Text B
[00:00.00]Unit 7 Text A
[00:02.00]第七單元 課文A
[00:04.00]Families
[00:05.47]家庭
[00:06.95]"Family"--the word has different meanings for different people,
[00:10.28]家庭這個詞對不同的人有不同的意義，
[00:13.61]and even the dictionary gives us several definitions:
[00:16.34]甚至詞典上給出的定義也有幾種：
[00:19.07]"a group of people related by blood or marriage,"
[00:21.85]“一群由血緣或者婚姻聯(lián)系在一起的人，”
[00:24.63]"two adults and their children,"
[00:26.76]“兩個成人和他們的孩子，”
[00:28.89]"all those people descended from a common ancestor,""a household,"and so on.
[00:33.16]“那些承襲同一祖先的后裔，”“一戶人家”等等。
[00:37.43]Some people think of a family as a mother, a father,and their children;
[00:40.71]有人將家庭看成母親、父親和他們的孩子；
[00:43.99]others include grandparents, aunts, uncles,and cousins.
[00:47.27]也有人認為家庭還包括祖父、祖母、嬸嬸叔叔輩，堂兄妹輩。
[00:50.55]For some of us,family means the group of relative living far away from home.
[00:54.57]對我們之中的有些人來說，家庭意味著離家遠住的一幫親戚；
[00:58.59]For others,having a family simply means having children.
[01:02.13]對另一些人來說，有家只不過意味著有孩子。
[01:05.67]Some families have long histories,
[01:08.10]一些家庭有久遠的歷史，
[01:10.53]while others know very little about their ancestors.
[01:13.42]另一些家庭則對自己的祖先知之甚少。
[01:16.30]No matter if it is young or old,large or small,traditional or modern,
[01:20.43]無論每個家庭的歷史是長是短，家庭是在是小，傳統(tǒng)還是現(xiàn)代，
[01:24.56]every family has a sense of what a family is.
[01:27.50]每個家庭都有家庭的某種感受。
[01:30.44]It is that feeling of belonging,
[01:32.96]那是一種來自共同生活、互相幫助、
[01:35.48]of love and security that comes from living together,helping and sharing.
[01:39.89]共則擁有的歸屬感、互愛感和安全感。
[01:44.31]There are basically two types of families:
[01:47.19]家庭大體上有兩類：
[01:50.08]nuclear families and extended families.
[01:52.86]核心家庭和擴大家庭。
[01:55.64]The nuclear family usually consists of two(mother and father)
[01:59.07]核心家庭通常由父母
[02:02.49]and their children.
[02:04.26]及其子女組成，
[02:06.04]The mother and father form the nucleus, or center,of the nuclear family.
[02:09.58]父親和母親形成家庭中的核心，或者叫中心。
[02:13.12]The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry.
[02:16.59]子女在核心家庭中成長直到婚嫁，
[02:20.07]Then they form new nuclear families.
[02:22.85]然后再形成新的核心家庭。
[02:25.63]The extended family is very large.
[02:27.91]擴大的家庭非常大。
[02:30.18]There are often many nuclear families in one extended family.
[02:33.60]在一個擴大的家庭中往往有多個核心家庭。
[02:37.02]An extended family includes children, parents,grand-parents,uncles,aunts,and cousins.
[02:41.29]擴大的家庭包括子女、父母、祖父母、叔伯、姨嬸、堂兄妹。
[02:45.56]The members of an extended family are related by blood
[02:48.29]他們由血緣關(guān)系
[02:51.02](grandparents,parents,children,brothers,sisters,etc.)
[02:54.15]（如：祖父母、父母、子女、兄弟、姐妹等）
[02:57.27]or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc. ).
[03:00.55]或者婚姻關(guān)系（丈夫、妻子、岳母婆婆）聯(lián)系在一起。
[03:03.82]They are all related,
[03:05.65]正因為他們互相有親緣關(guān)系，
[03:07.48]so the members of an extended family are called relatives.
[03:10.56]所以擴大的家庭中的民員都稱為親戚。
[03:13.65]Traditionally,all the members of an extended family lived in the same area.
[03:17.28]傳統(tǒng)上，擴大的家庭的全部成員都居住在同一個地區(qū)。
[03:20.91]However,with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society,
[03:24.45]但是，隨著從農(nóng)業(yè)社會向工業(yè)社會的轉(zhuǎn)變，
[03:27.99]many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work.
[03:31.96]許多核心家庭離家外出尋找工作。
[03:35.93]In industrial societies today,
[03:38.21]在現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)化社會中，
[03:40.50]the members of most nuclear families live together,
[03:43.32]許多核心家庭的成員居住在一起，
[03:46.14]but most extended families do not live together.
[03:48.92]而大部分擴大的家庭成員卻分散而住
[03:51.71]Therefore
[03:53.09]因此，
[03:54.48]we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family
[03:58.64]隨著社會越來越工業(yè)化，我們認為核心家庭
[04:02.81]as the society industrializes.
[04:05.47]比擴大的家庭更為重要。
[04:08.14]In post-industrial societies like the United States,
[04:11.02]在一些像美國那樣的后工業(yè)化國家，
[04:13.91]even the nudear family is changing.
[04:16.29]核心家庭甚至也在發(fā)生了變化。
[04:18.66]The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children,
[04:22.44]核心家庭在變小，因為父母都愿要更少的子女，
[04:26.21]and the number of childless families is increasing.
[04:29.00]而且無子女的家庭不斷增加。
[04:31.78]Traditionally,the father of a nuclear family earned money for the family
[04:35.55]傳統(tǒng)上核心家庭的父親掙錢養(yǎng)家，
[04:39.33]while the mother eared for the house and the children.
[04:42.00]母親照看家庭和孩子。
[04:44.68]Today,more than 50% of the nuclear families in the United States are two-earner families
[04:48.91]今天在美國，50%以上的核心家庭由父母兩人掙錢養(yǎng)家，
[04:53.15]--both the father and the mother earn money for the family--
[04:56.08]只有少數(shù)家庭由母親掙錢養(yǎng)家，
[04:59.02]and in a few families the mother earns the money
[05:02.45]只有少數(shù)家庭由母親掙錢養(yǎng)家
[05:05.87]while the father takes care of the house and the children.
[05:08.39]而父親照看家庭和孩子。
[05:10.91]Many nuclear families are also."splitting up'
[05:14.00]許多核心家庭也在“裂變”，
[05:17.10]--more and more parents are getting divorced.
[05:19.76]因為越來越多的父母開始離異。
[05:22.43]What will be the result of this "splitting" of the nuclear family?
[05:25.85]核心家庭分裂的結(jié)果是什么？
[05:29.27]Social scientists now talk of two new family forms:
[05:33.05]社會學(xué)家現(xiàn)在談到兩種新的家庭形式：
[05:36.82]the single parent family and the remarried family.
[05:40.36]單親家庭和再婚家庭。
[05:43.90]Almost 20% of all American families are single parent families,
[05:48.17]美國家庭中的近20%是單親家庭，
[05:52.44]and in 85% of these families the single parent is the mother.
[05:56.62]單親家庭中有85%為單親媽媽。
[06:00.80]Most single parents find it very difficult to take care of a family alone,
[06:04.93]大多數(shù)單親父母認為一個人照顧孩子有困難，
[06:09.06]so they soon marry again and form remarried families.
[06:12.99]所以沒過多久他們又結(jié)婚了，形成再婚家庭
[06:16.92]As social scientists study these two new family forms,
[06:20.40]隨著社會學(xué)家對這兩類新的家庭的研究，
[06:23.87]they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family
[06:27.59]關(guān)于后工業(yè)化時代中核心家庭的未來
[06:31.31]in the post-industrial age.
[06:33.64]他們一定能給我們提供更多的情況。
[06:35.96]Text B
[06:37.34]課文B
[06:38.71]The Changing American Family
[06:40.54]變化中的美國家庭
[06:42.36]The family is important to people all over the world
[06:44.74]盡管家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)因國家而異，
[06:47.12]all though the structure of the family
[06:48.79]但家庭對全世界的
[06:50.46]is quite different from one country to another.
[06:52.68]人都很重要。
[06:54.90]In the United States,as in many countries in the world,
[06:57.53]在美國，如同世界上其它許多國家一樣，
[07:00.15]the family is changing.
[07:01.83]家庭在發(fā)生變化。
[07:03.50]A generation or two ago, the traditional family,
[07:06.07]一代或者兩代人以前，傳統(tǒng)家庭是慣常現(xiàn)象，
[07:08.64]in which the father was boss, was customary.
[07:11.07]父親是一家之主。
[07:13.50]Now, the modern family,
[07:15.47]今天，
[07:17.45]in which both the father and the mother are equal partners,
[07:20.23]父母成為平等伴侶的現(xiàn)代家庭
[07:23.01]is more common.
[07:24.54]更常見。
[07:26.07]Although there are several similarities'between the traditional
[07:28.65]盡管傳統(tǒng)家庭與現(xiàn)代家庭有一些共同之處，
[07:31.24] and the modem family,there are also some very important differences.
[07:34.41]但他們?nèi)杂心承┲匾牟顒e。
[07:37.59]The traditional family of yesterday
[07:39.47]往昔的傳統(tǒng)家庭
[07:41.35] and the modern family of today have several similarities.
[07:44.01]與今日的現(xiàn)代家庭有幾點共同之處：
[07:46.68]The traditional family was a nuclear family,
[07:48.74]傳統(tǒng)家庭是核心家庭，
[07:50.80]and the modern family is,too.
[07:52.93]現(xiàn)代家庭也是。
[07:55.06]The role of the father in the traditional family
[07:57.19]在傳統(tǒng)家庭中
[07:59.32]was to provide for his family.
[08:01.25]父親的責(zé)任是養(yǎng)家糊口，
[08:03.19]Similarly; the father in the modern family is expected to do so,also.
[08:06.87]同樣在現(xiàn)代家庭中也理應(yīng)如此。
[08:10.55]The mother in the traditional family
[08:12.38]現(xiàn)代家庭中的母親
[08:14.21]took care of the children's physical and emotional needs
[08:16.48]如同傳統(tǒng)家庭中的母親一樣
[08:18.76]just as the modern mother does.
[08:20.57]照管孩子的身心需求。
[08:22.39]On the other hand,
[08:23.81]另一方面，
[08:25.23]there are some great differences
[08:26.85]傳統(tǒng)家庭與現(xiàn)代家庭
[08:28.47]between the traditional family and the modem family.
[08:30.89]之間存在很大的差異；
[08:33.31]The first important difference is in the man's role.
[08:35.49]首要差別是男人的作用。
[08:37.67]The traditional husband was the head of the household,
[08:40.29]傳統(tǒng)家庭中的丈夫是一家之主，
[08:42.92]because he was the only one who worked outside the home.
[08:45.41]因為他是家中唯一在外工作的人。
[08:47.91]If the wife worked for pay,
[08:49.63]如果妻子也為掙錢而工作，
[08:51.36]then the husband was not considered to be a good provider.
[08:53.69]丈夫就被認為是個同本事養(yǎng)家的人。
[08:56.03]In many families today, both husband and wife work for pay.
[08:59.01]今天，許多家庭夫妻雙雙出門工作，
[09:01.99]Therefore,they share the role of head of household.
[09:04.61]共同承擔(dān)一家之主的責(zé)任。
[09:07.24]In addition,
[09:08.56]另外，
[09:09.88]the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money.
[09:12.75]傳統(tǒng)家庭中的丈夫往往決定經(jīng)濟開支，
[09:15.62]However,the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife.
[09:19.01]而現(xiàn)代家庭中的丈夫與妻子共同決定。
[09:22.39]Also,the traditional husband did not help his wife with the housework
[09:25.36]還有，傳統(tǒng)家庭的丈夫不幫助妻子做家務(wù)、
[09:28.32]or meal preparation.
[09:30.04]做飯，
[09:31.77]Dinner was ready when he came home.
[09:33.75]他回家時飯已準備好。
[09:35.74]In contrast,the modem husband helps his working wife at home.
[09:38.56]現(xiàn)代家庭則相反，丈夫在家時里幫助有工作的妻子。
[09:41.38]He may do some of the household jobs,
[09:43.26]他做一些家務(wù)，
[09:45.14]and it is not unusual for him to cook.
[09:47.18]即使下廚做飯也屢見不鮮。
[09:49.22]The second difference is in the woman's role.
[09:51.19]第二個差別是女人的作用。
[09:53.16]In the traditional family,
[09:54.78]傳統(tǒng)家庭中，
[09:56.40] the woman may have worked for pay during her first years of marriage.
[09:59.08]女人在婚后的頭幾年工作掙錢，
[10:01.76]However,after she became pregnant,
[10:03.82]而懷孕之后
[10:05.88]she would usually give up her job.
[10:07.70]就放棄工作。
[10:09.52]Her primary role was to take care of her family and home.
[10:12.30]她的主要責(zé)任是照料家人和安排生活。
[10:15.08]In contrast,in many families today,
[10:17.35]相反，在今天的許多家庭中，
[10:19.62]the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children.
[10:22.96]即使有了孩子，現(xiàn)代女性也在外面工作。
[10:26.29]She's doing two jobs instead of one,
[10:28.32]她做的是兩份工作而不是一份，
[10:30.36]so she is busier than the traditional mother was.
[10:32.63]所以她比傳統(tǒng)的母親更忙。
[10:34.91]The traditional wife learned to live within her husband' s income.
[10:37.48]傳統(tǒng)的母親學(xué)會量入為出靠丈夫
[10:40.05]On the other hand,
[10:41.49]的收入過日子，
[10:42.93]the modern wife does not have to because the family has two incomes.
[10:45.90]而現(xiàn)代的妻子不必那樣做，因為家里有兩份收入。
[10:48.88]The final difference is in the role of the children.
[10:51.06]最后一個差別是孩子的作用。
[10:53.24]In the traditional famify,
[10:54.86]在傳統(tǒng)家庭中，
[10:56.48]the children were taken care of by the mother
[10:58.52]孩子由母親照料，
[11:00.56]because she did not work outside the home.
[11:02.64]因為她不出門工作，
[11:04.71]However,today preschool children may go to a child care center
[11:07.83]而今天的學(xué)齡前兒童由于母親工作，
[11:10.96]or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works.
[11:13.68]他們可以去托兒所或者由保姆定時照看。
[11:16.41]The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent.
[11:19.24]傳統(tǒng)家庭中的上學(xué)兒童依賴性更大，
[11:22.06]Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school
[11:24.55]母親幫助他們準備上學(xué)、
[11:27.05]and to make their breakfast,
[11:28.93]做早餐。
[11:30.81]in contrast,modern children are more independent.
[11:33.68]相反，現(xiàn)代的孩子更獨立。
[11:36.56]They have to get up early in the morning and get ready for school.
[11:38.98]他們必須早晨早起，做好上學(xué)的準備。
[11:41.41]Their mother is bury getting ready for work,
[11:43.60]母親忙于準備上班，
[11:45.78]so they may even have to make their own breakfast.
[11:48.26]所以孩子甚至自己做早餐。
[11:50.74]In conclusion, the American family of today
[11:53.22]總之，今日的美國家庭
[11:55.70]is different from the family of fifty years ago.
[11:57.98]不同于50年前的家庭。
[12:00.25]In the modern family,the roles of the father,mother,
[12:03.07]在現(xiàn)代家庭中，隨著越來越多的婦女外出工作
[12:05.89]and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home.
[12:09.01]父親、母親、孩子的作用已經(jīng)改變。
[12:12.13]The next century
[12:13.61]下個世紀
[12:15.09]may bring more important changes to the American family structure.
[12:17.61]可能給美國家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)帶來更大的變化，
[12:20.13]It should be interesting to see.
[12:21.96]能夠目睹這一現(xiàn)象將是饒有興味的。
