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VOA慢速英語：美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家理查德·塞勒榮獲2017年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

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2017年10月11日

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[00:02.48]American economist Richard Thaler has won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Economics. [00:08.59]Thaler was recognized for his work as a behavioral economist. [00:15.63]cThat means he studies the reasons behind the economic decisions people make. [00:23.32]Thaler received the prize partly for his research into [00:29.88]why people often make irrational financial decisions. [00:36.36]The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the $1.1 million prize on Monday. [00:45.06]Speaking of the prize money, [00:48.53]Thaler told reporters in Chicago after the announcement, [00:52.97]“I will spend it as irrationally as possible.” [00:58.42]Things people do to make financial decisions [01:04.19]The award committee said Thaler explored [01:04.72]“the consequences of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-control.” [01:12.30]It said the American economist’s work [01:17.80] has shown how human qualities affect people’s individual decisions and the movements of financial markets. [01:28.17]Thaler developed the theory of “mental accounting.” [01:34.03]It describes how people create separate accounts in their minds [01:40.06]to try to simplify financial decision-making. [01:44.76]He described how this can lead to less rational financial decisions [01:52.72]like saving for a vacation while paying high credit card interest. [01:58.95]His research, Bloomberg noted, [02:03.46] showed that people often choose short-term pleasures, [02:08.24]“which is why many people fail to plan and save for old age.” [02:14.16]The Reuters said Thaler’s research showed that such traits [02:21.91]“as lack of self-control and fear of losing what you already have” [02:28.21]can cause people to make bad short-term decisions. [02:34.27]One of those, Thaler noted, was keeping stock shares that have lost value [02:41.00]or selling them too soon when they have gained value. [02:45.15]Thaler helped develop the “nudge” theory. [02:50.05]It is the idea that small incentives can influence people to make good decisions. [02:57.95]He said people should be permitted to make their own choices, [03:05.13]but society “should actively try to guide individuals in the right direction.” [03:12.73]Cass Sunstein and Thaler wrote about the idea in the 2008 book “Nudge.” [03:22.66]The theory has been used by political candidates [03:37.48]as they work to influence voters and government officials seeking to make changes in society. [03:42.15]Other areas also interested Thaler. [03:45.14]He studied fairness. [03:46.40] He found that people can accept increasing prices if the costs of many things are going up. [03:53.20]But he found that they strongly disapprove of companies [04:04.32] that raise prices simply because of high demand for one product. [04:08.18]Bloomberg called Thaler’s Nobel Prize “ [04:11.02]a reward for 40 years of work spent studying human bias and temptation.” [04:20.05]Thaler is considered one of the first behavioral economists. [04:26.24] His field, once criticized, has grown in popularity among economists over the last 10 years. [04:35.73]The economist even briefly appeared in the 2010 movie, “ [04:42.21]The Big Short,” about the global financial crisis. [04:46.66]Thaler is a professor of behavioral science and economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. [05:00.28]The economics prize was created in 1968 in memory of Alfred Nobel after his death. [05:08.66]Since then, 79 individuals have received the prize. [05:15.05]The first woman winner was Elinor Ostrom in 2009. [05:24.82]American have received about half of the Nobel Prizes for economics. [05:31.95]I’m Mario Ritter.

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American Wins Nobel Prize in Economics
美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家獲得2017年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

American economist Richard Thaler has won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Economics.

美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家理查德·塞勒榮獲2017年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

Thaler was recognized for his work as a behavioral economist. That means he studies the reasons behind the economic decisions people make.

塞勒是行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的代表人物，主要研究人們經(jīng)濟(jì)決策背后的原因。

Thaler received the prize partly for his research into why people often make irrational financial decisions. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the $1.1 million prize on Monday.

塞勒獲得此獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的部分原因是其研究為什么人們總會(huì)做出非理性的金融決策。瑞士皇家科學(xué)院于周一宣布授予塞勒110萬美元的獎(jiǎng)金。

Speaking of the prize money, Thaler told reporters in Chicago after the announcement, “I will spend it as irrationally as possible.”

在談及獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)，在芝加哥接受采訪時(shí)塞勒告訴記者：“我會(huì)盡可能非理性的花費(fèi)這筆錢。”

Things people do to make financial decisions

人們在做經(jīng)濟(jì)決策時(shí)會(huì)做的事情

The award committee said Thaler explored “the consequences of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-control.” It said the American economist’s work has shown how human qualities affect people’s individual decisions and the movements of financial markets.

瑞典皇家科學(xué)院解釋說：“通過探索有限理性、社會(huì)偏好以及自制力缺乏所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，他揭示了這些人類特征如何系統(tǒng)性地影響個(gè)人決定和市場結(jié)果。”

Thaler developed the theory of “mental accounting.” It describes how people create separate accounts in their minds to try to simplify financial decision-making.

塞勒對心理賬戶理論的發(fā)展做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn)。心理賬戶理論解釋了人們?nèi)绾卧陬^腦中創(chuàng)建多個(gè)獨(dú)立的賬戶以簡化經(jīng)濟(jì)決策。

He described how this can lead to less rational financial decisions like saving for a vacation while paying high credit card interest.

塞勒解釋道，這會(huì)如何導(dǎo)致缺乏理性的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策，例如在為旅游省錢的同時(shí)也在支付著高額的信用卡利息。

His research, Bloomberg noted, showed that people often choose short-term pleasures, “which is why many people fail to plan and save for old age.”

彭博社這樣寫道，“塞勒的研究顯示人們經(jīng)常會(huì)貪圖短期的快樂，“而這也是為什么許多人不能計(jì)劃或者成功為老年儲(chǔ)蓄的原因。”

The Reuters said Thaler’s research showed that such traits “as lack of self-control and fear of losing what you already have” can cause people to make bad short-term decisions.

路透社寫到塞勒的研究表明“缺乏自控、害怕失去已經(jīng)所擁有的”等特征會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們做一些糟糕的短期決策。

One of those, Thaler noted, was keeping stock shares that have lost value or selling them too soon when they have gained value.

塞勒解釋道，其中的一點(diǎn)就是囤積已經(jīng)不具有投資價(jià)值的股票或者過早拋售增值的股票。

Thaler helped develop the “nudge” theory. It is the idea that small incentives can influence people to make good decisions. He said people should be permitted to make their own choices, but society “should actively try to guide individuals in the right direction.”

塞勒對推動(dòng)了“助推”理論的發(fā)展。該理論即小的動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)影響人們做出有益的決策。塞勒表示，應(yīng)該讓人們自己抉擇，但是社會(huì)也應(yīng)該“積極地往正確的方向指導(dǎo)人們。”

Cass Sunstein and Thaler wrote about the idea in the 2008 book “Nudge.”

塞勒和桑斯坦于2008年合著了著作《助推》。

The theory has been used by political candidates as they work to influence voters and government officials seeking to make changes in society.

政治候選人曾利用該理論影響選民和政府官員，進(jìn)而試圖改變社會(huì)。

Other areas also interested Thaler. He studied fairness. He found that people can accept increasing prices if the costs of many things are going up. But he found that they strongly disapprove of companies that raise prices simply because of high demand for one product.

塞勒還涉獵其他領(lǐng)域。他曾研究公平。塞勒發(fā)現(xiàn)，倘若商品的成本上漲，人們也會(huì)接受物價(jià)提高。但是對于公司因某物品需求量高而提高物價(jià)的行為，人們會(huì)強(qiáng)烈反對。

Bloomberg called Thaler’s Nobel Prize “a reward for 40 years of work spent studying human bias and temptation.”

對于塞勒獲得諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，彭博社這樣評價(jià)道“耗時(shí)40年研究人類偏好和誘惑所獲得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。”

Thaler is considered one of the first behavioral economists. His field, once criticized, has grown in popularity among economists over the last 10 years.

塞勒被認(rèn)為是行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的先驅(qū)者。他的研究領(lǐng)域曾受到人們的批評，但是在過去10年，行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)越來受經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的歡迎。

The economist even briefly appeared in the 2010 movie, “The Big Short,” about the global financial crisis.

這位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家在2010年的電影《大空頭》中曾簡短亮相。《大空頭》這部電影主要講述了全球金融危機(jī)。

Thaler is a professor of behavioral science and economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

塞勒是芝加哥大學(xué)布斯商學(xué)院的行為科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的教授。

The economics prize was created in 1968 in memory of Alfred Nobel after his death. Since then, 79 individuals have received the prize. The first woman winner was Elinor Ostrom in 2009.

諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)于1968年為紀(jì)念阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾而創(chuàng)建。之后，有79人獲得了此獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。2009年，奧斯特羅姆成為歷史上第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的女性。

American have received about half of the Nobel Prizes for economics.

對于獲得此獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的人員，其中美國人約占半數(shù)。

I’m Mario Ritter.

馬里奧·里特為您報(bào)道。

American Wins Nobel Prize in Economics

American economist Richard Thaler has won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Economics.

Thaler was recognized for his work as a behavioral economist. That means he studies the reasons behind the economic decisions people make.

Thaler received the prize partly for his research into why people often make irrational financial decisions. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the $1.1 million prize on Monday.

Speaking of the prize money, Thaler told reporters in Chicago after the announcement, “I will spend it as irrationally as possible.”

Things people do to make financial decisions

The award committee said Thaler explored “the consequences of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-control.” It said the American economist’s work has shown how human qualities affect people’s individual decisions and the movements of financial markets.

Thaler developed the theory of “mental accounting.” It describes how people create separate accounts in their minds to try to simplify financial decision-making.

He described how this can lead to less rational financial decisions like saving for a vacation while paying high credit card interest.

His research, Bloomberg noted, showed that people often choose short-term pleasures, “which is why many people fail to plan and save for old age.”

The Reuters said Thaler’s research showed that such traits “as lack of self-control and fear of losing what you already have” can cause people to make bad short-term decisions.

One of those, Thaler noted, was keeping stock shares that have lost value or selling them too soon when they have gained value.

Thaler helped develop the “nudge” theory. It is the idea that small incentives can influence people to make good decisions. He said people should be permitted to make their own choices, but society “should actively try to guide individuals in the right direction.”

Cass Sunstein and Thaler wrote about the idea in the 2008 book “Nudge.”

The theory has been used by political candidates as they work to influence voters and government officials seeking to make changes in society.

Other areas also interested Thaler. He studied fairness. He found that people can accept increasing prices if the costs of many things are going up. But he found that they strongly disapprove of companies that raise prices simply because of high demand for one product.

Bloomberg called Thaler’s Nobel Prize “a reward for 40 years of work spent studying human bias and temptation.”

Thaler is considered one of the first behavioral economists. His field, once criticized, has grown in popularity among economists over the last 10 years.

The economist even briefly appeared in the 2010 movie, “The Big Short,” about the global financial crisis.

Thaler is a professor of behavioral science and economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

The economics prize was created in 1968 in memory of Alfred Nobel after his death. Since then, 79 individuals have received the prize. The first woman winner was Elinor Ostrom in 2009.

American have received about half of the Nobel Prizes for economics.

I’m Mario Ritter.

______________________________________________________________

Words in This Story

irrational – adj. not rational, not based on good judgment or reason

consequences – n. the results of an action

preferences – n. things that are liked or preferred more than others

account – n. a record of money paid, owed or received

incentives – n. reasons to do something

bias – n. believing in one side of an idea at the expense of the other

temptation – adj. the desire to have something

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