VOA慢速英語：韓國尋求從美國手中接管戰(zhàn)時行動指揮權(quán)

S. Korea Seeks to Take Over Wartime Control of Military From US

韓國尋求從美國手中接管戰(zhàn)時行動指揮權(quán)

South Korean President Moon Jae-in says his government is increasing efforts to take back wartime operational control of its military.

韓國總統(tǒng)文在寅表示，韓國政府正在加緊努力收回該國軍隊的戰(zhàn)時行動指揮權(quán)。

Wartime operational control, known as OPCON, describes the U.S.-led command of South Korean military forces in time of war.

戰(zhàn)時行動指揮權(quán)簡稱為OPCON，它表述了美國在戰(zhàn)時對韓國軍隊的指揮權(quán)。

The effort comes at a time when tensions between North Korea and the U.S. are very high.

這種努力發(fā)生在朝鮮和美國之間關(guān)系非常緊張之際。

Moon spoke about the issue at an event marking South Korea's 69th Armed Forces Day [on] Thursday. He said increasing military abilities and reducing dependence on U.S. military power would strengthen the country's position with the North.

文在寅周四在慶祝韓國第69屆軍人節(jié)的活動中談到了這個問題。他說，增強軍事能力，減少對美國軍事力量的依賴將會強化該國對朝鮮的地位。

"When the South has wartime operational control, the North will fear us more, and our armed forces will be trusted more," Moon said.

文在寅說：“當韓國擁有戰(zhàn)時指揮權(quán)時，朝鮮就會更加害怕我們，我們的武裝力量也會更值得信賴。”

Robert Kelly is a professor of political science at Pusan National University in South Korea. He thinks such a move might be a way to show independence from the threats exchanged by the U.S. and North Korea.

韓國釜山國立大學(xué)政治學(xué)教授羅伯特·凱利(Robert Kelly)認為，此舉可能是展示韓國獨立于美朝兩國互相威脅之外的一種方式。

"I think this might be a way for Moon to separate himself somewhat from the behavior of (U.S. President) Donald Trump in the last month," Kelly said.

凱利表示：“我認為這可能是文在寅要與美國總統(tǒng)川普過去一個月的行為進行切割的一種方式。”

Peacetime control moved to South Korea

和平時期軍事控制權(quán)已移交韓國

The South Korean government took over peacetime command of its military personnel when the country transitioned to democracy.

韓國政府在過渡到民主時接管了和平時期對該國軍人的指揮權(quán)。

The South Korean military works closely with the Combined Forces Command and the United Nations Command, led by the U.S. General Vincent Brooks. Brooks also commands more than 28,000 U.S. military forces in Korea.

韓國軍方與美國總參謀長文森特·布魯克斯(Vincent Brooks)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的韓美聯(lián)軍司令部以及聯(lián)合國軍司令部密切合作。布魯克斯還指揮了超過2.8萬名駐韓美軍。

In wartime, the U.S. commander would take control of South Korean forces. The transfer, however, is not automatic. The South Korean president must first agree to hand over control.

在戰(zhàn)時，美國指揮官將會接管韓國軍隊的指揮權(quán)。但是這種轉(zhuǎn)移不是自動完成的。韓國總統(tǒng)首先必須同意交出控制權(quán)。

Daniel Pinkston is a security expert with Troy University in Seoul. He said, "In a way, President Moon has control and he has a veto over giving control to the U.S. and giving control to the combined forces command."

首爾特洛伊大學(xué)的安全專家丹尼爾· 平克斯頓 (Daniel Pinkston)表示：“某種程度上說，文在寅總統(tǒng)擁有控制權(quán)。他也可以否決將控制權(quán)交給美國和聯(lián)軍指揮部。”

South Koreans have different views on control

韓國對控制權(quán)有不同看法

Moon and some members of his Democratic Party have supported gaining wartime operational control as an issue of sovereignty. It has also been linked to anti-American feelings in the country.

文在寅和他民主黨的一些成員將拿回戰(zhàn)時控制權(quán)視為一個主權(quán)問題，這也跟該國的反美情緒有關(guān)。

Conservatives have opposed taking over wartime control. They are concerned that such a move might weaken the U.S. commitment to defend South Korea.

保守派反對接管戰(zhàn)時控制權(quán)。他們擔心這樣的舉動可能會削弱美國捍衛(wèi)朝鮮的承諾。

Hong Jun-pyo is the leader of the Liberty Korea Party. He recently said that "return of OPCON is basically disbanding the Korea-U.S. military alliance."

自由韓國黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人洪準杓(Hong Jun-pyo)近日表示：“韓國重掌戰(zhàn)時指揮權(quán)基本上就是瓦解韓美軍事聯(lián)盟。”

Some also have concerns that such a move would be seen as a sign of disagreement between South Korea and the U.S. Kelly said that is "what the North Koreans have wanted for a long time."

有人還擔心此舉會被視為韓美兩國之間產(chǎn)生分歧的跡象。凱利稱這是“朝鮮長期以來一直想要看到的結(jié)果。”

Wartime operational control was to be handed over to South Korea in 2015. But the government of then-president Park Geun-hye and the U.S. decided in 2014 to postpone the transfer to 2020 or later. The deal now depends on South Korea gaining necessary operational abilities.

2015年戰(zhàn)時指揮權(quán)被移交給了韓國。但是時任總統(tǒng)樸槿惠統(tǒng)治下的韓國政府和美國在2014年決定將移交推遲到至少2020年。這項協(xié)議目前取決于韓國是否贏得必要的作戰(zhàn)能力。

Some experts consider basing the decision on South Korea's capabilities good for the U.S.-South Korea alliance. They say it puts more responsibility on South Korea for its own defense.

一些專家認為，這項決定基于韓國的軍事能力對韓美聯(lián)盟有利。他們表示，它賦予了韓國更多自我防御的責任。

Pinkston said that, without discussions about a transfer of OPCON, South Korea would have no reason to increase its defense capabilities.

平克斯頓表示，如果不是有這些關(guān)于移交戰(zhàn)時控制權(quán)的討論，韓國就沒有理由提高其防御能力。

"South Korea will think we don't have to worry about it because the U.S. will always have OPCON, they will always take care of us, so why should we spend more on our defense budget?" Pinkston said.

平克斯頓表示：“韓國就會認為，我們不用擔心，因為美國將一直擁有戰(zhàn)時行動指揮權(quán)，他們會一直照顧好我們。所以我們?yōu)槭裁匆趪李A(yù)算上花更多錢呢?”

Moon's statements on Thursday appears to be part of that effort. He is promising reforms, including creating a more professional military and increasing national defense spending.

文在寅周四的聲明似乎是這種努力的一部分。他正在承諾改革，包括建立更專業(yè)的軍隊和增加國防開支。

Some of that spending could be directed to developing new systems, such as South Korea's own missile defense system.

其中一些開支可能會投向開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)，例如韓國自己的導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)。

The country may also seek to launch five military satellites with surveillance and reconnaissance abilities.

該國可能也會尋求發(fā)射5顆具備監(jiān)視和偵查能力的軍用衛(wèi)星。

I'm Mario Ritter.

馬里奧·里特報道。