歷年考研英語閱讀理解2005年03

[00:05.65]2005 Text3 [00:08.06]Of all the components of a good night's sleep, [00:11.03]dreams seem to be least within our control. [00:14.96]In dreams, [00:15.77]a window opens into a world [00:17.68]where logic is suspended and dead people speak. [00:21.50]A century ago, [00:23.02]Freud formulated his revolutionary theory [00:25.86]that dreams were the disguised shadows of [00:28.69]our unconscious desires and fears; [00:31.92]by the late 1970s, [00:34.03]neurologists had switched to thinking of them [00:36.76]as just "mental noise" [00:39.09]--the random byproducts of the neuralrepair work [00:42.32]that goes on during sleep. [00:44.54]Now researchers suspect that dreams [00:47.15]are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, [00:50.28]regulating moods while the brain is "off-line." [00:54.82]And one leading authority says [00:57.01]that these intensely powerful mental events [01:03.72]can be not only harnessed but actually brought [01:03.44]under conscious control, [01:05.35]to help us sleep and feel better. [01:08.78]"It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, [01:11.92]chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. [01:15.54]"If you don't like it, change it." [01:18.66]Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. [01:22.19]The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep [01:27.13]--when most vivid dreams occur [01:29.04]--as it is when fully awake, [01:31.06]says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. [01:35.60]But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; [01:39.10]the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, [01:44.15]while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect [01:47.52]and reasoning) is relatively quiet. [01:50.75]"We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, [01:53.63]and those feelings can stay with us all day," [01:56.56]says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement. [02:01.39]The link between dreams and emotions shows up [02:04.64]among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. [02:07.34]Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, [02:11.24]progressing toward happier ones before awakening, [02:14.57]suggesting that they are working through [02:16.89]negative feelings generated during the day. [02:20.62]Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life [02:24.05]we don't always think about [02:25.67]the emotional significance of the day's events [02:28.49]--until, it appears, we begin to dream. [02:32.80]And this process need not be left to the unconscious. [02:37.23]Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control [02:40.87]over recurring bad dreams. [02:43.99]As soon as you awaken, identify [02:46.22]what is upsetting about the dream. [02:49.29]Visualize how you would like it to end instead; [02:52.58]the next time it occurs, [02:54.18]try to wake up just enough to control its course. [02:58.22]With much practice people can learn to, literally, [03:01.63]do it in their sleep. [03:04.29]At the end of the day, [03:05.91]there's probably little reason to pay attention to [03:08.52]our dreams at all [03:09.92]unless they keep us from sleeping [03:11.95]or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. [03:15.80]Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings [03:19.67]of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. [03:23.79]Those suffering from persistent nightmares [03:26.62]should seek help from a therapist. [03:29.04]For the rest of us, the brain has [03:30.80]its ways of working through bad feelings. [03:34.24]Sleep--or rather dream--on it [03:37.47]and you'll feel better in the morning.

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