全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試教材第三級(jí)Unit15

[00:00.00] CHAPTER 15 JOBS AND OCCUPATION [00:14.99]Unit 15 Jobs and Occupation [00:22.36]Conversations [00:25.89]part 1 [00:29.36]An interview between a woman and an officer of the company. [00:34.93]Officer:I wonder if you'd mind me your full name please,Miss Howard? [00:42.29]Woman:Miranda Howard. [00:45.95]Officer:Thank you.Now let me see,uhmm,you were an English major,weren't you? [00:52.82]Woman:Yes,that's right.I graduated from New Hampshire State College. [00:59.35]Officer:When was that? [01:02.59]Woman:In 1997. [01:06.25]Officer:So you've been out fo school for about 5 years? Woman:Right. [01:12.49]Officer:And could you tell me what kind of office experience you've had? [01:18.26]Woman:Well.I'm working for Britain Airlines at the moment. [01:23.51]Officer:And what do you do there exactly? [01:27.35]Woman:I'm in financial department. [01:31.51]Officer:I see.And how long have you been with them? [01:36.05]Woman:For four years. [01:39.71]Officer:And would you mind telling me your present salary? [01:44.46]Woman:I'm making fifteen hundred a monty at present. [01:50.03]Officer:Fifteen hundred?Uh huh. [01:54.29]OK,well,you have read the job description for this position.. [02:00.76]part 2 [02:05.02]Wang Lin,a student from China,is telling George, [02:11.50]an English friend,why he came to study architecture in England. [02:17.35]George:What did you say you were going to take up as a career? [02:23.23]Wang:Architecture.Actually,I've already started. [02:29.79]George:What are you going to do when you finish? [02:34.93]Wang:Oh,I shall go back home and practise there. [02:40.99]There's a great deal of scope for architects in my country [02:47.16]and a lot of useful work to be done. [02:51.89]George:Will you need English in your job? [02:56.95]Wang:It'll be useful in many ways [03:01.50]because there's a lot about architecture written in English [03:07.38]and besides many professional people in my country use English as a second language. [03:16.62]When you attend international conferences, [03:21.98]English is so often the official language. [03:27.75]George:What made you decide to choose architecture as a career? [03:34.10]Wang:Well,I was good at Maths and Art at school [03:40.06]and I think I had a certain feeling for design. [03:46.22]And I also suppose my personal qualities made me choose architecture. [03:53.87]part 3 [03:57.11]Ms.Moore is interviewing Ms.White. [04:02.08]Moore:Let's discuss your educational background, [04:07.25]Ms.White,you were a law major,weren't you? [04:12.71]White:Yes.That's right.It was my best subject at college. [04:19.66]Moore:Fine.And could you tell me what kind of work experience you've had? [04:26.53]White:My last position was with Joanna and Frazer.That's a law firm in Chicago. [04:34.89]Moore:And when was that exactly? [04:39.33]White:From 1993 to 1996. [04:45.81]Moore:Uh huh. [04:49.33]White:Before that I worked for Soft Logic Compute Co.,Ltd. [04:56.18]Moore:Well,Ms.White,your qualifications for the job are excellent. [05:03.33]Could you tell me what kind of salary you are expecting? [05:08.79]White:Well,in my last job I was making $1 900 a month. [05:15.92]I understand that this position has a starting salary of around $2 000 a month. [05:24.36]Moore:That's right. [05:27.89]White:That would be fine with me. [05:32.28]Moore:Is there anything you'd like to ask about the job? [05:38.13]White:Yes.I'd like to know if the company provides opportunities for further education. [05:46.31]Moore:Yes.Our employees are allowed to take up six hours a week at full pay, [05:53.85]to attend college courses. [05:57.93]White:That's great! [06:01.69]Moore:Anything else? [06:05.45]White:No,not at this time. [06:09.61]Moore:Well,we'll call you this week. [06:14.18]White:Thank you.I appreciate your talking with me. [06:19.64]part 4 [06:22.98]Williams is discussing with Chuck [06:27.74]about an applicant who applied for the position of journalist. [06:33.48]Williams:Have you ever looked at this application yet? [06:38.73]Chuck:The one from the plaze,you mean?Yeah,I've just read it. [06:44.90]Williams:Has he ever worked on a newspaper before? [06:49.94]Chuck:No,not exactly,but he used to edit a magazine when he was in college. [06:58.30]Williams:Well,that's good.And what did he do after? [07:04.05]Chuck:Well,after he finished school,he went to Seattle. [07:10.11]Williams:Oh,really?What did he do there? [07:14.86]Chuck:He was an English teacher in an elementary school [07:20.01]and while he was teaching there he wrote some really fine articles. [07:26.17]Williams:Uh huh.And what's he been doing since then? [07:31.50]Chuck:He's been working as a freelance journalist for the past two years. [07:38.14]Williams:Hmm.Sounds quite good.Maybe he is our man. [07:44.07]Passage [07:47.02]How to Write a Winning Resume [07:51.28]The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. [07:58.93]There are two kinds. [08:02.77]One is the familiar"tombstone"that lists where you went to school [08:08.93]and where you have worked in chronological order. [08:13.37]The other is what I call the"functional"resume-descriptive,fun to read, [08:20.64]unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview. [08:26.20]It's handy to have a"tombstone"for certain occasions. [08:31.76]But peospective employers throw away most of those unrquested"tombstone"lists, [08:39.21]preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead. [08:44.36]What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read- [08:50.73]a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers. [08:56.89]Put yourself first: [09:00.66]In order to write a resume which others will read with enthusiasm, [09:07.50]you have to feel important about yourself. [09:12.07]Sell what you can do,not who you are: [09:16.83]Practice translating your personality traits, [09:21.97]character,accomplishments,and achievements into skill areas. [09:27.61]There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work. [09:33.78]Toot your own horn:Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. [09:41.33]Some think they have none at all! [09:45.40]But everyone does,and one of yours [09:50.45]may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch if only you show it. [09:57.11]Be specific,be concrete,and be brief! [10:02.67]Turn bad news into good:Everybody has had disappointment in work. [10:09.62]If you have to mention yours,look for the positive side. [10:15.26]Never apologize: [10:19.13]If you're returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, [10:25.06]simply write a short paragraph(summary of backgroung) [10:30.62]in place of a chronology of experience. [10:35.17]Don't apologize for working at being a mother:it's the hardest job of all. [10:42.01]If you have no special training or higher education,just don't mention education. [10:49.46]How to psych yourself up: [10:53.51]The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. [10:59.96]Thake four or five hours off not necessarily consecutive, [11:05.91]and simply write down every accomplishment in your life on or off the job. [11:13.18]That made you feel effective. [11:17.25]Don't worry at first about what it all means. [11:21.90]Study the list and try to spot patterns. [11:26.86]As you study your list,you will come closer to the meaning: [11:33.39]identifying your marketable skills. [11:37.94]Once you discover patterns,give names to your cluster of accomplishments [11:44.50](leadership skills,budget management skills,child development skills,etc.) [11:52.25]Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. [11:58.42]Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. [12:03.57]It may take four drafts or more,and several weeks, [12:09.16]before you've ready to show it a stranger(friends are usually too kind) [12:15.69]for a reaction. [12:19.03]When you're satisfied,send it to a printer; [12:23.99]a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. [12:29.45]It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work. [12:35.70]Words and Expressions [12:39.46]major airline financial salary [12:42.49]大學(xué)的主修科目 航空公司 財(cái)政的;金融的 按月發(fā)的薪水 [12:45.52]position take up professional subject [12:48.60]職位，職務(wù) 從事某項(xiàng)職業(yè)或活動(dòng) 專業(yè)的，內(nèi)行的 學(xué)科;課程 [12:51.68]firm qualification employee application [12:54.61]公司 資歷;資格 受雇者，雇員 書面申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求 [12:57.53]freelance resume grant chronological [13:00.66]自由作家 簡(jiǎn)歷，個(gè)人必履歷 給予;準(zhǔn)許 按年代排序的 [13:03.78]tombstone unique handy prospective [13:06.65]基碑，基石 獨(dú)特的，不平常的 方便的，簡(jiǎn)便的 未來(lái)的 [13:09.53]tip enthusiasm trait toot [13:12.56]有用的意見 熱情;興趣 品質(zhì) 使發(fā)嘟嘟聲 [13:15.59]horn clutch psych sb.up consecutive [13:19.13]號(hào)角 抓住 使某人心理上做好準(zhǔn)備 連續(xù)的 [13:22.66]cluster budget draft photocopy [13:25.60]叢;串 預(yù)算 草稿 復(fù)印 [13:28.54]Exercises [13:31.99]Section I Listening Comprehension [13:36.95]Listen to the record. [13:40.61]Answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D from the four possible choices. [13:50.04]A 1.M:Is there any chance of my having a job in your company? [13:57.62]W:I'm afraid that you basically can not, [14:02.58]why not try another place to see another boss? [14:08.46]2.W:Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow afternoon? [14:14.81]M:I'd like to,but I can't.I'll be in surgery at 3 o'clock. [14:21.68]I'll be operating on a patient then. [14:25.93]3.M:But I still can't understand,Jane,why are you working for J.D.Company? [14:33.98]W:J.D.offered me a job as a secretary and I need a job. [14:41.63]4.W:Have a seat.What can I do for you? [14:47.98]M:I'm going to be an engineer, [14:51.74]but I'm having a little trouble deciding which field to go into [14:57.80]5.M:Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr.Brown. [15:04.96]W:Sure,sir.As soon as I have typed this letter. [15:10.52]6.W:Maryhy worked as a secretary for three years. [15:17.79]Then she became a reporter.After that she started writing novels. [15:24.76]M:I know.And she has been doing nothing else ever since. [15:30.64]7.W:Open wide. Now show me where it hurts. [15:37.77]M:Here on the bottom,especially when I bite into something hot or cold. [15:44.30]B W:On the matter of employer-employee relations, [15:50.36]we read a lot and hear a lot about union poroblems and strikes. [15:57.02]M:Well,I think that,from an employer's standpoint, [16:01.88]the easiest thing for an employer to do would be to join a union. [16:07.55]W:Could you make it clear? [16:11.39]M:The reason is that you have the security of never having to worry about having employees. [16:18.76]W:Uh-huh... M:You'd be meeting a certain criteria [16:24.11]because the unions set the criteria for the people that work [16:29.75]their salaries,their fringe benefits,and so on. [16:35.42]W:And you probably have one outfit to deal with. [16:40.57]M:That's correct. [16:44.04]So from the employee's standpoint,of course, [16:48.80]you have the problem that the employee is a captive to a set of criteria.. [16:54.75]W:Yeah,that's right. [16:58.59]M:And his freedom is greatly reduved because of the fact that his bargaining agent is someone else- [17:06.25]it's not himself. [17:10.01]W:He is no longer in an individual-to-employer situation. [17:16.46]M:That is correct. [17:19.70]W:Is it a trade-off to a certain extent? [17:24.14]M:My feeling is that's one of the great advantages [17:29.18]working for a small business which is non-union. [17:34.01]You have a higher degree of freedom. [17:37.78]And that it's much easier from the employee's standpoint. [17:43.13]W:Uh-hm...That's fine. [17:47.49]M:But when you become a captive to any big organization- [17:52.64]whether it's a corporation,a union or a government, [17:57.71]you just absolutely lose your freedom. [18:01.65]C I'm the manager of the department called the Banking [18:07.82]and Portfolio Department for a large multinational corporation. [18:14.09]The responsibility of that department is to handle all the bankiing matters.. [18:21.14]er...relationship,credit issue,opening and closing accounts. [18:28.22]We also manage the..er...investment of the company's excess funds. [18:36.26]The best thing about working in the department... [18:41.83]that we have is that you get to take decisions at a relatively low management level in the company [18:50.66]you get to watch the decision come, [18:55.33]follow through and you get to see the effect on the bottom-line profit of the company. [19:03.28]We are one of the few areas within a world..er.. [19:09.05]Within a headquarters-type atmosphere where there is a profit center,bottom line. [19:16.78]One of the things I find the most frustrating is that...er... [19:23.73]the company is still very bureaucratic. [19:28.59]We tend to produce a lot of paperwork and reports [19:34.05]that don't seem to have any fit with the...today's company business. [19:41.41]And they've been generated for years and we continue to generate them..er... [19:48.78]because management has asked for them. [19:53.54]We are attempting to change that but it continues to be a source of frustration [20:00.61]for myself and my staff. [20:05.06]Supplementary Reading [20:08.61]Learn to Love Your Job [20:12.76]Is your job running you over like a lawnmower? [20:18.04]You spend too much time at work to be miserable. [20:23.50]Stop the madness!You can go through by putting the following advice into action. [20:30.76]Be Honest with Your Boss [20:35.12]Your boss may be talented and inspirational,but probably not a mind-reader. [20:42.38]If you are frustrated at work,speak up. [20:47.35]Your boss has a right to know if you are feeling undervalued,burned out, [20:53.83]or desperately in need of a more flexible schedule. [20:58.97]There are,of course, [21:02.24]ways to conduct this talk so that you don't sound whiny or hopelessly confused. [21:09.68]You may be more appreciated and have more options than you thought. [21:15.93]A good boss can give you strategies to pull your attitude out of a funk. [21:22.90]Give it a chance,and be honest in your discussion. [21:28.36]Let the Job Bring out Your Best [21:33.01]If you have a job that matches your skills poorly,you will end up having it. [21:40.56]For example,sales jobs are not for everyone. [21:45.60]An introverted, [21:48.76]quiet person is likely to feel uncomfortable chasing down some sales quota. [21:55.53]Your job should fit like a glove,not force you to be something you are not. [22:02.48]Un-fitting jobs cause stress,according to psychologist Bill Gawford, [22:09.35]stress is a signal that something needs to change. [22:14.67]"Suffering is when we don't make the change,"Crawford explains, [22:20.84]"often we don't listen to the signal of stress in our lives until it becomes a severe problem." [22:28.28]If your job is not fulfi-lling,get creative. [22:33.85]Drastic changes are not always necessary. [22:38.71]Arlene S.Hirsch,author of Love Your Work and Success Will Follow, [22:45.37]tells the story of a banker with strong financial analysis skills [22:51.61]who was experiencing great job dissatisfaction. [22:56.86]He recaptured his love for music by accepting a job as CFO for a symphony orchestra. [23:05.72]Smart move! [23:09.06]Acknowledge Your Anger [23:12.93]If you really hate your job,it's likely you are fired up about something. [23:19.69]Pinpointing the source of your anger is a crucial first step. [23:25.65]According to Dr.Hendrie Weisinger,there are 5 main anger-provoking work situations: [23:33.70](1)Being left out. [23:38.37]Not being accepted by your peers severely limits how effective you can be on the job, [23:45.42]and shakes your tundamental need for acceptance. [23:50.86](2)Critical bosses. [23:54.91]Nitpicking bosses are infuriating. [23:59.48](3)Not getting promoted.You try your best and it's never acknowledged. [24:06.14](4)Being maligned by co-workers. [24:11.18]Being victimized by false rumors is a consistent anger arouser. [24:17.55](5)Incompetent bosses. [24:22.10]An incompetent boss can stifle your enthusiasm [24:27.38]and torpedo your chances for job satisfaction. [24:32.34]Get Rid of Grudges [24:36.28]When people work together,hurt feelings,misunderstandings, [24:41.54]and cross words are inevitable. [24:46.11]If you are mistreated at work,you'll be tempted to get even. [24:51.44]Be careful:Making enemies can lead straight to job misery. [24:57.89]Even if you have been treated unfairly,you can take the high road. [25:03.84]While practicing forgiveness may be the last thing you want to do, [25:09.41]it is often the wisest move. [25:13.67]Offenders may not deserve your kindness,but you do. [25:18.94]By forgiving abusive jerke,you are actually giving yourself a break. [25:25.00]Sure,you can quit your job in a huff and seek greener pastures elsewhere. [25:31.48]Find a place where people treat you with the love,and respect that you deserve. [25:38.01]Right?Wrong!You will find"challenging"co-workers wherever you go. [25:45.07]They just look different and have different names. [25:49.74]You'd be better off finding ways to live in peace [25:54.18]with people with various value system. [25:58.54]Above all else,try to keep your perspective. [26:03.61]We all hate our jobs occasionally. [26:08.05]The trick is to keep those times few and far between. [26:13.62]Putting these tips into practice will help you gain greater satisfaction at work. [26:20.28]And when you consider that happy employees are more likely to get along, [26:26.83]isn't that a goal worth smiling about?

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