https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0008/8546/money2.mp3
https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
上一講中我們談了貨幣的歷史和它的三種基本功能。這三種功能的英文是:
1 Medium of exchange 交換媒介
2 Unit of account 計(jì)算單位
3 Store of value 價(jià)值儲(chǔ)存手段
現(xiàn)代貨幣除了這三種基本功能之外,還必須具備三種特性,也就是:
1 portability 可攜帶性
2 durability 持久性
3 divisibility 可分性
從歷史上來(lái)看,有很多不同形式的貨幣都因?yàn)椴荒芡耆珴M足這三種特性的要求而逐步被淘汰,讓位給新的符合這些特性要求的貨幣形式。澳大利亞墨爾本大學(xué)商學(xué)院的哈珀教授對(duì)此作了介紹。他說(shuō):
In the earliest days, for example in ancient Babylon, measures of wheat were the money commodity. People would exchange other goods and services firstly by exchanging quantities of wheat. And eventually it was worked out by the Babylonian priests that they could hold the wheat in a central store and then simply keep records of who owned the wheat. And rather than physically moving the wheat around, eventually we had a primitive system - quite advanced by the temp3s of the day - of record keeping. We had ledgers.
哈珀教授在談話中提到這樣一些詞匯:
1 money commodity 商品貨幣,實(shí)物貨幣
2 primitive system of record keeping 原始簿記制度
3 ledger 分戶賬
下面我們分段聽(tīng)一下哈珀教授的這段談話和中文翻譯:(英文略)
古時(shí)候,比如在古巴比倫,小麥被當(dāng)作實(shí)物貨幣使用。人們?cè)诮粨Q其它貨物和服務(wù)之前先要交換一定數(shù)量的小麥。
后來(lái)巴比倫的祭司們發(fā)現(xiàn),他們可以把小麥保存在一個(gè)中心倉(cāng)庫(kù)中,然后只需要記錄下誰(shuí)擁有這些小麥就可以了。
這樣就用不著把小麥搬來(lái)搬去了,于是我們就有了在當(dāng)時(shí)條件下很先進(jìn)的原始簿記制度,也就是分戶賬。
下面我們?cè)偻暾?tīng)一遍哈珀教授的這段談話。(略)
接下來(lái),澳洲廣播電臺(tái)金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克解釋了貨幣的持久性和可分性問(wèn)題。他說(shuō):
So even though the problem of portability was solved, a further one was still present, that of durability. Because wheat perishes over time, it's not a good store of value.
What are good stores of value, of course, are precious metals such as gold and silver. It's not difficult to see why these became a fomp3 of money, but in their earliest fomp3s, they were not easily divisible.
You didn't always have the precise amount, or you couldn't get change. So divisibility is a key property of money.
下面我們分段聽(tīng)一遍巴里克拉克的談話以及中文翻譯:(英文略)
盡管可攜帶的問(wèn)題解決了,進(jìn)一步的問(wèn)題仍然存在,也就是持久性的問(wèn)題。因?yàn)樾←滊S著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)腐爛,它不是好的價(jià)值儲(chǔ)存手段。
好的價(jià)值儲(chǔ)存手段當(dāng)然是貴重金屬,比如金銀。因此很容易理解為什么它們會(huì)成為一種貨幣。但是在它們最初的形態(tài),它們并不容易被分割。
你不會(huì)總帶有確切的錢數(shù),或者你無(wú)法獲得找零。因此可分性是貨幣的一個(gè)重要特性。
下面我們完整聽(tīng)一遍巴里克拉克的這段談話。(略)
在這一講中,我們介紹了貨幣的三種特性。這三種特性的英文是:
1 portability 可攜帶性
2 durability 持久性
3 divisibility 可分性
不過(guò),隨著我們走入了電子貨幣的時(shí)代,這些貨幣特性的定義也許又要重新改寫。
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)購(gòu)?fù)習(xí)一下這一講涉及的另外一些英文詞匯:
1 money commodity 商品貨幣,實(shí)物貨幣
2 primitive system of record keeping 原始簿記制度
3 ledger 分戶賬
在這一講結(jié)束之前,我們把澳大利亞墨爾本大學(xué)哈珀教授和澳廣金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克關(guān)于貨幣特性的談話再聽(tīng)一遍。(略)
這是澳洲廣播電臺(tái)為您制作的金融世界節(jié)目第二講。謝謝您的收聽(tīng)。