每日一詞|家務(wù)補(bǔ)償 Housework compensation

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家務(wù)補(bǔ)償 Housework compensation

近日，北京市房山區(qū)人民法院適用民法典規(guī)定，首次審結(jié)了一起離婚家務(wù)補(bǔ)償案件。

請(qǐng)看相關(guān)報(bào)道：

The ruling, made by Beijing Fangshan District People's Court, ordered a man, surnamed Chen, to pay 50,000 yuan ($7,700) to his ex-wife surnamed Wang as compensation for her housework during their five-year marriage, after splitting their joint property equally. Wang was also awarded custody of their son and 2,000 yuan per month in alimony.

北京市房山區(qū)人民法院判決一名陳姓男子向其前妻王女士支付5萬(wàn)元作為5年婚姻期間家務(wù)勞動(dòng)的補(bǔ)償。同時(shí)，法院判決孩子由王女士撫養(yǎng)，陳先生每月給付撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)2000元;共同財(cái)產(chǎn)則由雙方平均分割。

為何要補(bǔ)償?

案件判決公布后，引發(fā)網(wǎng)友熱議。有網(wǎng)友提出既然夫妻分工，家務(wù)勞動(dòng)算是分工的一種，離婚時(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn)一人一半，為什么還有補(bǔ)償一說?

有關(guān)專家認(rèn)為：

Housework compensation is designed to offer additional protection to spouses who have undertaken more domestic chores -- and sacrificed opportunities to advance their career or education.

為家務(wù)付出較多的一方，還有著能力提高、學(xué)歷增長(zhǎng)等等無(wú)形中的犧牲，家務(wù)補(bǔ)償是對(duì)家務(wù)勞動(dòng)付出較多一方一個(gè)更加傾斜性的保護(hù)。

清華大學(xué)法學(xué)院副教授龍俊表示：

For the spouse who works outside, after divorce they can still enjoy the resources, connections and status they've had -- and still earn the same level of income. But for the spouse who has been paying efforts quietly at home, they will have to face the problem of returning to (work). This means that the homemaker has to pay a hidden cost in addition to the efforts they paid during the marriage.

在外面工作那一方，他離婚之后，還是可以繼續(xù)之前享有的資源。他的人脈，他的身份地位不變，他離婚之后還可以獲得這么多的收入。但是長(zhǎng)期在家里默默付出的這一方的話，他離婚之后還是會(huì)涉及到一個(gè)重新回歸社會(huì)的一個(gè)問題。這意味著什么呢，就是說在家務(wù)勞動(dòng)這一方，他除了在婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)間的付出以外他還有一個(gè)隱性的付出。

5萬(wàn)元的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)怎么計(jì)算的?

根據(jù)《民法典》第一千零八十八條的規(guī)定：“夫妻一方因撫育子女、照料老年人、協(xié)助另一方工作等負(fù)擔(dān)較多義務(wù)的(a spouse who takes more responsibility in raising children, caring for elderly family members or assisting their partner in career development)，離婚時(shí)有權(quán)向另一方請(qǐng)求補(bǔ)償(seek compensation from their partner)，另一方應(yīng)當(dāng)給予補(bǔ)償。具體辦法由雙方協(xié)議;協(xié)議不成的，由人民法院判決。

對(duì)于具體的補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，該案主審法官馮淼表示，在《民法典》大框架下，這個(gè)定量主要是由法官合理合情合法地行使自由裁量權(quán)，5萬(wàn)元的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償主要是考慮到以下因素：

雙方婚后共同生活的時(shí)間 (how long the couple lived together)

女方在家務(wù)勞動(dòng)中具體付出的情況(how much the woman did for the family)

男方個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入(the man's income levels)

當(dāng)?shù)匾话愕纳钏?the cost of living in the city)

本案為何引發(fā)熱議?

民法典“激活”了離婚家務(wù)勞動(dòng)補(bǔ)償制度。

In 2001, housework compensation was added to a revision of China's marriage law with the precondition that it only applied to couples who agreed to separation of property, in which each spouse retains exclusive ownership of property acquired during the marriage.

2001年，“家務(wù)勞動(dòng)補(bǔ)償” 被寫入《婚姻法》修正案，但必須以“夫妻書面約定婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間所得的財(cái)產(chǎn)歸各自所有”為前提。

In reality, however, legal experts say few Chinese couples have reached formal agreement to keep their property separate, so it's rare for divorcing spouses to qualify for court-approved housework compensation.

法律專家表示，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，很少有夫妻達(dá)成財(cái)產(chǎn)分別擁有的正式協(xié)議，因此在離婚案中很少有符合條件能適用家務(wù)勞動(dòng)補(bǔ)償制度的。

民法典對(duì)此作出新規(guī)定，離婚家務(wù)勞動(dòng)補(bǔ)償制度被大大“激活”，家務(wù)勞動(dòng)的價(jià)值也在法律層面得到更為廣泛的承認(rèn)和尊重。

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