常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 38 A Kiss Isn't Just a Kiss　送你一個(gè)吻

A Kiss Isn't Just a Kiss　送你一個(gè)吻

by Marcus Maurice

Kissing is one of human beings' most frequently misunderstood acts. Particularly when people from different cultures meet, this common action can cause some major embarrassment if done _(1)_. This is because kissing can display levels of respect or emotion that _(2)_ culture to culture.

Kissing is thought to have started when parents chewed up food and then fed the soft _(3)_ to a baby or small child. Anthropologists believe that this happened in every culture before baby foods became _(4)_ in the marketplace.

Kissing friends and family members is called a social kiss and it has many variations. Many adults give a smooch to loved ones, but _(5)_ on culture or family, it can be on the lips or on the cheek. In some groups, one or a pair of kisses are given on the cheek as a friendly _(6)_ and may even be shared by those who have just met.

A ceremonial kiss is more formal, and popular in European countries. When leaders of countries or other higher-ups meet, they give a quick peck on both cheeks. This kiss _(7)_ the goodwill between the two parties the people are representing. Furthermore, a kiss can be the ultimate _(8)_ of romance. Kissing someone we love can be a thrilling way to show our affection. Native Americans believed that exhaling breath into another person would help _(9)_ their souls.

Whether social, ceremonial, or romantic, kisses _(10)_ people's desire to join together. The kiss is one of the most popular social practices in the world today. It is safe to say that almost all adults have felt the soft touch of a pair of lips on their own.

(A) greeting (B) common (C) symbolizes (D) vary from (E) expression

(F) arose from (G) combine (H) depending (I) remains (J) incorrectly

原來(lái)如此

1. ...this common action can cause some major embarrassment if done incorrectly.

理由:

a. 空格前 if 引導(dǎo)的副詞子句省略了與前句相同的主詞，原句應(yīng)為：

...this common action can cause some major embarrassment if this common action is done...

b. 根據(jù)上述，原句空格前的 if done 實(shí)等于 if this common action is done(如果這種普遍的行為被做)。由于 is done(被做)是動(dòng)詞詞組，故應(yīng)以副詞修飾。選項(xiàng)中僅 (J) incorrectly(不正確地)為副詞，故為正選。

c. incorrectly adv. 不正確地

2. ...kissing can display levels of respect or emotion that vary from culture to culture.

理由:

a. 空格前有關(guān)系代名詞 that 代替其前的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 levels of respect or emotion。此處 that 作主詞，此外，由于本段時(shí)態(tài)均為現(xiàn)在式，得知空格應(yīng)置入現(xiàn)在式復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中僅 (D) vary from(隨……不同)與 (G) combine(結(jié)合)為現(xiàn)在式復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，唯根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，(D) 應(yīng)為正選。

c. vary from...to...　　從……到……有所不同

例: Fans of Jay Chou vary from very young children to grandparents.

(周杰倫的歌迷老少皆有。)

3. ...when parents chewed up food and then fed the soft remains to a baby or small child.

理由:

a. 空格前有定冠詞 the 和形容詞 soft(柔軟的)，可知空格應(yīng)置入名詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中為名詞的有 (A) greeting(問(wèn)候)、(E) expression(表現(xiàn))及 (I) remains(剩余物)，但僅 remains 置入后符合語(yǔ)意，故 (I) 為正選。

c. remains n. 剩余的物品(恒用復(fù)數(shù))

4. ...this happened in every culture before baby foods became common in the marketplace.

理由:

a. 空格前有不完全不及物動(dòng)詞 became(變成)，其后應(yīng)置名詞或形容詞作主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)有 (A) greeting(問(wèn)候)、(B) common(普遍的)及 (E) expression(表達(dá))，但僅 common 置入后符合語(yǔ)意，故 (B) 為正選。

c. common a. 普遍的

5. ...but depending on culture or family, it can be on the lips or on the cheek.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

Depending on..., S + V　　視……而定，……

例: Depending on your mood, we can go out tonight or just stay home.

(我們今晚可以外出也可以待在家，端看你的心情而定。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (H)。

6. In some groups, one or a pair of kisses are given on the cheek as a friendly greeting...

理由:

a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a 和形容詞 friendly(友善的)，可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)置入單數(shù)名詞。

b. 選項(xiàng) (A) greeting(問(wèn)候)為單數(shù)名詞，置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，故為正選。

c. greeting n. 問(wèn)候，打招呼

7. The kiss symbolizes the goodwill between the two parties the people are representing.

理由:

a. 空格前的名詞 kiss(親吻)為本句的主詞，其后的名詞 the goodwill(善意)為受詞，可知此處應(yīng)置入第三人稱單數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞。

b. 選項(xiàng) (C) symbolizes(象征)符合上述條件，置入后語(yǔ)意通順，故為正選。

c. symbolize vt. 象征

例: This gift symbolizes the long friendship our two countries have had.

(這項(xiàng)禮物象征我們兩國(guó)長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的友誼。)

8. Furthermore, a kiss can be the ultimate expression of romance.

理由:

a. 空格前有定冠詞 the 和形容詞 ultimate(終極的)，可知空格應(yīng)置入名詞。

b. 選項(xiàng) (E) expression(表現(xiàn))為名詞，且置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，故為正選。

c. expression n. 表現(xiàn)，表達(dá)

9. ...believed that exhaling breath into another person would help combine their souls.

理由:

a. 空格前有動(dòng)詞 help，而 help 可用于下列句構(gòu)：

help (to) V　　幫助……

例: Could you help (to) do the dishes?

(你可以幫忙洗碗嗎?)

b. 根據(jù)上述，(G) combine(結(jié)合)為原形及物動(dòng)詞，之后的 their souls(他們的靈魂)作其受詞，合乎語(yǔ)意及文法，故 (G) 為正選。

c. combine vt. 結(jié)合

combine A with B　　結(jié)合 A 與 B

例: If we combine these two classes, there will be too many students.

(如果把兩班合在一起的話，學(xué)生人數(shù)會(huì)太多。)

10. Whether social, ceremonial, or romantic, kisses arose from people's desire to join together.

理由:

a. 根據(jù)判斷，空格前的名詞 kisses(親吻)是主詞，空格后的名詞 people's desire(人們的欲望)是受詞，得知空格應(yīng)置復(fù)數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞或及物詞組動(dòng)詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中僅剩 (F) arose from(起因于)為詞組動(dòng)詞，置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，故 (F) 應(yīng)為正選。

c. arise from...　　起因于……

= result from...

arise 動(dòng)詞三態(tài)：arise, arose, arisen。

例: Social problems like violence arise from poverty.

(像暴力這類的社會(huì)問(wèn)題常起因于貧窮。)

精解字詞詞組

1. misunderstand vt. 誤會(huì)

注意:

本文中的 misunderstood(被誤解的)為過(guò)去分詞作形容詞用。

例: I think you misunderstood what I said.

(我想你誤會(huì)我說(shuō)的話了。)

2. display vt. 展現(xiàn);陳列

例: The painter displayed his latest works in the art gallery.

(該畫(huà)家在那家藝?yán)日故咀约鹤钚碌淖髌贰?

3. chew up.../chew...up　　嚼碎∕咀嚼……

例: I don't have my homework today because my dog chewed it up.

(我今天沒(méi)法交作業(yè)，因?yàn)楸晃业墓烦缘袅恕?

* 這是美國(guó)小朋友沒(méi)寫(xiě)作業(yè)時(shí)經(jīng)常用的借口。

注意:

chew 尚有下列重要用法：

bite off more than one can chew

貪多嚼不爛，自不量力：從事太多工作而無(wú)力完成

例: When he took that difficult job, he bit off more than he could chew.

(他接下那份困難的工作實(shí)在是自不量力。)

4. share vt. 分享

share sth with sb　　和某人分享某物

例: Billy is very generous; he always shares his toys with his friends.

(比利很大方;他總是把自己的玩具分給朋友一起玩。)

5. represent vt. 代表

例: I would be proud to represent my country at the Olympics.

(能代表國(guó)家參加奧運(yùn)我深感驕傲。)

6. exhale vt. & vi. 呼出

inhale vt. & vi. 吸進(jìn)

例: I need to buy a mask because I inhale a lot of dust when riding my scooter.

(我需要買個(gè)口罩，因?yàn)轵T機(jī)車時(shí)會(huì)吸進(jìn)好多灰塵。)

7. It is safe to say + that 子句　　說(shuō)……準(zhǔn)不會(huì)錯(cuò)，可以肯定地說(shuō)……

例: It is safe to say that any small child would love to go to Disneyland.

(說(shuō)所有小朋友都喜歡去迪斯尼樂(lè)園準(zhǔn)沒(méi)錯(cuò)。)

單字小鋪

1. frequently adv. 頻繁，常常

2. particularly adv. 尤其

3. embarrassment n. 尷尬，難為情

4. emotion n. 情感

5. anthropologist n. 人類學(xué)家

6. marketplace n. 市場(chǎng)

7. variation n. 變化

8. smooch n. 親吻

9. cheek n. 臉頰

10. friendly a. 友善的

11. ceremonial a. 禮儀(上)的

12. formal a. 正式的

13. higher-up n. 高層人物

14. peck n. 輕啄

15. goodwill n. 善意

16. ultimate a. 最大的，終極的

17. thrilling a. 令人興奮的

18. affection n. 感情

19. romantic a. 愛(ài)情的，浪漫的

20. practice n.(社會(huì)的)慣例，習(xí)俗

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

親吻是人類最容易造成誤解的行為之一。尤其是當(dāng)來(lái)自不同文化的人們相遇時(shí)，若是親吻不當(dāng)，這種尋常行為可能造成令人非常尷尬的場(chǎng)面。這是因?yàn)殡S著文化不同，親吻展現(xiàn)出的敬意和情感程度也不相同。

親吻被認(rèn)為是由父母親咀嚼食物，再將軟爛的嚼碎物喂食嬰兒和小孩開(kāi)始的。人類學(xué)家相信在嬰兒食品普及市場(chǎng)之前，各個(gè)文化中都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種行為。

親吻朋友和家人稱之為社交親吻，而且巧妙各有不同。許多成年人會(huì)親吻所愛(ài)的人，但依文化或家庭不同，這個(gè)吻有可能落在唇上或臉頰上。在某些群體中，落在臉頰上的吻是友善的問(wèn)候方式，甚至?xí)l(fā)生在初次見(jiàn)面的人身上。

基于禮節(jié)的親吻比較正式，在歐洲國(guó)家很普遍。當(dāng)各國(guó)領(lǐng)袖或其它高階會(huì)面時(shí)，他們會(huì)在臉頰兩邊快速親一下。這種親吻象征兩造代表的雙方之間的善意。尤有甚者，親吻也是愛(ài)情的終極表現(xiàn)。親吻自己所愛(ài)的人是令人興奮的情感表達(dá)方式。美國(guó)原住民相信，將氣渡給另一個(gè)人可以使兩人的靈魂結(jié)合。

不論是社交上的、基于禮儀的，或是浪漫的，親吻都起于人們想緊密相連的欲望。親吻是今日世界最普遍的社會(huì)習(xí)俗之一?？梢源虬闭f(shuō)，幾乎每個(gè)成年人都曾經(jīng)體驗(yàn)過(guò)他人柔軟雙唇的觸感。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:　1. (J)　2. (D)　3. (I)　4. (B)　5. (H)　6. (A)　7. (C)　8. (E)　9. (G)　10. (F)