成功不是偶然的

成功不是偶然發(fā)生的。

A wealth of psychological research has found the people who achieve most in life take the same deliberate steps to make sure they reach their goals.

一項(xiàng)針對富人的心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)成功人士實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)采用的步驟一致。

Sometimes it means minimising the value of will power; other times it means dusting yourself off after defeat.

有時(shí)候成功意味著你要低估意志力的價(jià)值;而其它時(shí)候成功則意味著失敗以后，要整理好心情重新出發(fā)。

Here are some of the psychological strategies the most successful people adopt in their daily lives.

以下是一些成功人士在日常生活中采取的一些心理策略。

They maintain a 'growth mindset.'

他們保持著一種“成長心態(tài)”

In the 1960s, psychologist Carol Dweck came up with the idea for two different kinds of mindsets. She called them 'growth mindsets' and 'fixed mindsets.'

20世紀(jì)60年代，心理學(xué)家Carol Dweck提出了兩種不同的心態(tài)。她稱之為“成長心態(tài)”和“固定心態(tài)”。

Growth mindsets give people the ability to see themselves as capable of change -- notably, growth -- while fixed mindsets cause people to view themselves as fully realised, or unchanging.

成長心態(tài)給了人們看到自身才能改變的能力，即成長。而固定心態(tài)會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們以為自己已經(jīng)完全發(fā)揮了自身實(shí)力，不再具備改變的可能。

Having a growth mindset leads to far higher achievement than having a fixed one, Dweck's research has found.

Dweck的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，成長心態(tài)帶給人們的成就比固定心態(tài)更高。

They have grit.

他們有決心

Psychologist Angela Duckworth has found time and again that the ability to recover after failure is one of the most common traits of successful people.

心理學(xué)家Angela Duckworth發(fā)現(xiàn)成功人士身上最普遍的特性在于，他們失敗后調(diào)整心情再次努力的能力。

Duckworth calls this resilience 'grit,' and it's often the grittiest kids who get into the best schools, get the best jobs, and, incidentally, win the most spelling bees.

Duckworth稱之為決心的恢復(fù)力，通常決心最強(qiáng)的孩子能夠進(jìn)入最好的學(xué)校，得到最好的工作，在拼寫比賽中贏得的次數(shù)最多。

Some experts have even said grit is the single-most important trait to become successful.

有些專家甚至認(rèn)為決心是成功最重要的特性。

They practice self-compassion.

他們自我同情

Emma Seppala, science director of Stanford's Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, wrote in her recent book 'The Happiness Track' that successful people don't agonize over their shortcomings.

斯坦福大學(xué)同情與利他主義研究及教育中心的科研主任Emma Seppala在她的書《幸福追蹤》中寫道，成功人士不會(huì)受到其缺點(diǎn)的折磨。

In fact, they are nicer to themselves -- they display what Seppala calls 'self-compassion.'

事實(shí)上，他們對他們自己更加友好，他們展示著Seppala所謂的“自我同情”。

Self-compassion is a sign you recognise that you, too, are human. You make mistakes like everyone else. What matters in terms of your success is what you do next.

自我同情意味著你意識(shí)到你也是人類。你會(huì)像別人一樣犯錯(cuò)。更重要的是你接下來要做的事。

They turn goals into systems.

他們會(huì)將目標(biāo)變成體系。

Harvard psychologist Amy Cuddy says too many people focus on the moonshot goal instead of the steps needed to get there.

哈佛大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家Amy Cuddy表示太多人專注于遙不可及的目標(biāo)，而不是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)需要采取的步驟。

Successful people focus on the process and often manage to enjoy it, Cuddy says, rather than zeroing in solely on the desired outcome.

成功人士專注于這一過程，并通常會(huì)享受它，而不是望著自己的目標(biāo)嘆氣。

You might set the goal of running a marathon, for example, but research suggests it will only be through a steady running routine that you'll end up being successful.

比如你可能會(huì)設(shè)立一個(gè)跑馬拉松的目標(biāo)，但研究表明只有設(shè)定跑步常規(guī)活動(dòng)你才能成功地跑馬拉松。

They don't rely on willpower alone.

他們不只是依賴意志力。

In his recent book 'Irresistible,' NYU psychologist Adam Alter discusses the misconception that successful people tune out distractions just by ignoring them.

紐約州立大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家Adam Alter在他的新書《不可抵抗》中澄清了人們對成功人士的誤解，以為他們對抗干擾的方法是忽視它們。

Everyone's phones are vibrating for their attention. But people can power through those disruptions by eliminating the temptation to check altogether, Alter says.

不論是誰，手機(jī)振動(dòng)都會(huì)引起注意。可人們能夠規(guī)定一個(gè)時(shí)間一次性看這些消息，消除它們帶來的引誘。

That can mean installing site blockers or physically putting a device far away, out of both sight and mind.

那意味著屏蔽消息通知或者將手機(jī)放遠(yuǎn)一些，眼不見心不煩。