VOA慢速英語(yǔ):Words and Their Stories: Pan

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES. Today's word, pan, takes us back to the days of the gold rush in California.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)詞匯掌故。今天的詞語(yǔ)pan把我們帶回了加利福尼亞淘金熱的時(shí)代。

On January twenty-fourth, eighteen forty-eight, a man named James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in the territory of California. The news spread quickly. Thousands rushed west. They traveled on foot, by horseback and by boat to reach the gold fields. By eighteen forty-nine, the great gold rush was on.

1848年1月24日，一個(gè)名叫詹姆斯·威爾遜•馬歇爾(James Wilson Marshall)的人在加利福尼亞境內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金。這個(gè)消息很快傳開了，成千上萬(wàn)的人徒步，騎馬或乘船奔向加州西部的黃金地帶。到1849年，淘金熱開始了。

Towns and cities grew overnight. Throughout the territory – in the mountains, along the streams and rivers – thousands of people searched for gold. They had food to eat and blankets to cover them. They also had mules to ride, and picks and pans to search for gold.

加利福尼亞大大小小的城鎮(zhèn)一夜之間人海茫茫。成千上萬(wàn)的人在山上，沿河流溪流尋找金子。他們餓了就吃隨身攜帶的食物，冷了就用隨身攜帶的毛毯蓋上。他們騎著騾子帶著鍋、桶尋找金子。

Some found areas of mountain rock thick with gold. These men got rich. But such areas were few and quickly claimed by the first men to find them. Others searched for gold in the rivers coming down the mountains. They were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above.

一些人在巖石山發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多金子，后來(lái)這些人變得很富有。但這樣的地方很少，而且很快就被第一批爬上山的人發(fā)現(xiàn)了。因此就被第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的人占領(lǐng)了。其他人到山腳下的河流里尋找從山上被雨沖下來(lái)的黃金。

The only way to find this gold was by panning. First a gold miner put dirt in a metal pan and added water. Then he shook the pan so that the water would wash the dirt. Slowly, he poured the water out of the pan. If he was a lucky miner, pieces of gold would remain.

尋找這種金子的唯一辦法是用淘金盆淘金。首先，一個(gè)礦工把帶泥土的金子放在金屬鍋里然后加入水。然后晃動(dòng)著鍋，將泥土洗掉。再慢慢地把水從鍋里倒出來(lái)。如果幸運(yùn)，金子就留下來(lái)了。

Across the nation, newspapers carried stories of the gold being found. One told how thousands of people climbed the mountains looking for gold. Some stories told how others followed the rivers and streams with pans. Each one hoped that the place he claimed panned out well – had some gold.

全國(guó)各大報(bào)紙都報(bào)道了淘金熱的故事。有的報(bào)道人們是怎樣在山上尋找金子的，有的報(bào)道人們是怎樣拿著淘金盆沿河尋找金子的。每個(gè)人都希望他們占領(lǐng)的地方都能淘到金子。

For many, gold mining did not pan out. For a few, it panned out well. But in time, huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time. Panning died out.

對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，用淘金盆淘金并沒有收獲。只有少數(shù)人有所收獲(pan out well)。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，一種一次可以洗掉幾噸泥的機(jī)器誕生了，人們就不再用淘金盆淘金了。

The word, however, remained in the language. Today, Americans still say, "It panned out well," when something they have done pleases them. A business, a discovery, a simple event pans out well if it is successful. Unhappily, sometimes things do not pan out.

但是，這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)還在語(yǔ)言中保留著。現(xiàn)在美國(guó)人還用它來(lái)表達(dá)“結(jié)果很好”。當(dāng)他們所做的事情成功了，事業(yè)、發(fā)現(xiàn)或簡(jiǎn)單的事情成功了就可以用pans out well這個(gè)短語(yǔ)表達(dá)。相反，若沒成功就用things do not pan out表達(dá)。

In recent years, the word pan has taken on another meaning. Today, it also means to criticize. How it got this meaning is hard to discover. But the job of a critic is to sometimes pan the work of a writer, artist or singer.

最近幾年，pan又有了另一個(gè)意思?，F(xiàn)在，它也有批評(píng)的意思。這個(gè)意思的來(lái)源很難取證。有時(shí)，一個(gè)批評(píng)家批評(píng)作家、藝術(shù)家和歌唱家的作品用pan來(lái)表達(dá)。

Sometimes, critics may pan a movie or play so severely that no one will go to see it. There are times, however, when a play became highly successful, even though most of the critics panned it without mercy. The pans should have washed out the play. But, as actors have pointed out, sometimes a critic's pan turns up gold.

有時(shí)，批評(píng)家把一部電影或話劇批評(píng)的體無(wú)完膚，以至于沒人去看。而有時(shí)，盡管批評(píng)家批評(píng)的毫不留情，那部話劇還是會(huì)非常成功。批評(píng)能把該劇推向成功，因此演員們說(shuō)有時(shí)候批評(píng)家的批評(píng)會(huì)有好的結(jié)果。