VOA慢速英語: 室內(nèi)污染每年奪取數(shù)百萬人的性命

室內(nèi)污染每年奪取數(shù)百萬人的性命

The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

這里是美國之音的健康報道。

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are natural gas or electric-powered stoves.

我們做飯的方式很重要。在很多國家，使用兩種選擇：天然氣或者電爐具。

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution.

世界衛(wèi)生組織警示說：每年有數(shù)百萬人因?yàn)槭覂?nèi)污染，面臨死亡。

Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.

室內(nèi)污染來源于在家中使用危險的燃料和做飯用具。為了解決這種問題，世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布新的指導(dǎo)原則：旨在減少家庭污染源。

WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass and coal cook-stoves.

世界衛(wèi)生組織官員稱大概有30億人不能使用清潔的燃料和技術(shù)來做飯、取暖和照明。每年至少有700萬人死于室內(nèi)或者室外的空氣污染。其中大概有430萬人死于家里的空氣污染，污染源來自燃燒生物燃料和使用煤炭爐子。

Most of the deaths are in developing countries.

大多數(shù)的死亡案例發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家。

The WHO’s plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings. These findings show that the use of toxic fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.

世界衛(wèi)生組織計(jì)劃基于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題來減少室內(nèi)污染。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明低效的爐灶使用有毒燃料，空間加熱器或者一些燈具都是造成死亡的原因。

Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO's Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.

卡洛斯·多拉是世界衛(wèi)生組織公共衛(wèi)生、環(huán)境和社會健康部門的協(xié)調(diào)員。他說人們不應(yīng)該再在室內(nèi)使用那些沒有經(jīng)過加工的煤炭河煤油燃料。打開門窗讓有害氣體散出去也不是正確的處理方法，這樣會污染室外的空氣。

“You cannot expect that a bit of ventilation is going to get rid of this. It is really about very clean technologies and clean fuels. And, the fuel story has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate. So, that is the new thing. We should be going for clean fuels. We should be avoiding coal. We should be avoiding kerosene and we should be going for the solar, the LPG (liquified petroleum gas), the ethanol ... the solutions that we know exist that can address a big proportion of this issue.”

“你不能想僅靠空氣流通就擺脫污染，需要使用清潔能源和技術(shù)。在全球的能源使用爭論中，能源問題還沒有引起足夠的強(qiáng)調(diào)重視。我們應(yīng)該避免使用煤炭、煤油，需要尋找太陽能、液化石油氣、乙醇…現(xiàn)存的解決方案可以解決一些問題。”

WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims.

世界衛(wèi)生組織官員表示室內(nèi)污染導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)、心臟病和肺部疾病、兒童肺炎和肺癌。而女人和女孩是主要的受害人群。

The WHO says these diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide released by the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱這些疾病通常由燃燒固體燃料產(chǎn)生的微粒物和一氧化碳導(dǎo)致。這些燃料包括木頭、煤炭、動物排泄的廢物、農(nóng)作物廢物和木炭。

The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, also are at risk.

聯(lián)合國發(fā)現(xiàn)撒哈拉以南的非洲有多余95%的家庭使用固體燃料做飯，此外，印度、中國和拉丁美洲的一些國家如：危地馬拉和秘魯，人口眾多，也面臨污染的風(fēng)險。

?Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.

尼格爾·布魯斯是利物浦大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生專業(yè)的教授，他說研究者正在研發(fā)一種能夠更有效燃燒燃料的煤爐和其它的設(shè)備。

“There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels. There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out .. it has been tested out in a number of African countries and we do report results from that in the guidelines. LPG cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves."

“已經(jīng)有多種技術(shù)能夠使用清潔能源。有一種由多米克公司（一個瑞典公司）制造的酒精爐子正在測試中，它可以有效使用、而且低成本。這種爐子已經(jīng)在一些非洲國家進(jìn)行測試，正是在這樣的指導(dǎo)原則下，我們做出的報道。液化石油氣爐灶很明顯得到廣泛使用，為了讓這種爐灶更有效的使用，研發(fā)人員仍在繼續(xù)努力中。另一種有趣的研發(fā)產(chǎn)品是電磁爐。”

WHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about$8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的官員指出一些新的、安全的、低成本的技術(shù)確實(shí)能夠有效幫助。在印度，只需要8美元就能買個電磁爐。在非洲，不到1美元你就可以買一個太陽能燈。

But, this, the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.

但是，衛(wèi)生組織稱，這只是一個開始。需要督促發(fā)展中國家使用清潔能源，并且增加對更清潔、更現(xiàn)代的爐具和取暖設(shè)備的使用。

I’m Anna Matteo.

我是安娜·馬特奧。

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Words in this Story

indoor – adj. done, living, located, or used inside a building

particulate - n. a substance made up of very small separate particles

kerosene – n. a kind of oil that is burned as a fuel — often used before another noun such as a kerosene heater and kerosene lamp; kerosene is called “paraffin” in British English

induction (stoves)- adj. Induction cooking heats by electric current instead by a flame or heating element.

appliance – n. a machine (such as a stove, microwave, or dishwasher) that is powered by electricity and that is used in people's homes