VOA慢速英語(yǔ):一種使得艾滋病診斷更為容易的新裝置

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)健康報(bào)道。

December 1 marked World Aids Day. People around the world join together to celebrate progress in fighting acquired immune deficiency syndrome, better known as AIDS.

12月1日是世界艾滋病日。世界各地的人們一起慶祝在對(duì)抗常被稱(chēng)為艾滋病的獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征上取得的進(jìn)展。

A new device aims to make identification of AIDS easier and to lower the cost of testing in developing countries. The device is used to count a disease-fighting white blood cells called the CD4 cell.

一種新的設(shè)備旨在使發(fā)展中國(guó)家診斷艾滋病更為容易并降低檢測(cè)費(fèi)用。該設(shè)備被用于統(tǒng)計(jì)被稱(chēng)為CD4細(xì)胞的抗病白細(xì)胞總數(shù)。

The human immunodeficiency virus -- HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells making patients unable to fight off infection. Doctors often suggest patients use antiretroviral drugs to help strengthen the body's natural defences for fighting disease. A CD4 cell count can help doctors decide if the drug treatment is necessary or not.

人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒，即艾滋病病毒攻擊和破壞CD4細(xì)胞，使得患者無(wú)法抵抗感染。醫(yī)生們大多建議患者使用抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物幫助增加身體抵抗力以對(duì)抗疾病。CD4細(xì)胞總數(shù)可以幫助醫(yī)生決定是否需要采取藥物治療。

The count requires a blood sample and a laboratory equipped to study the cells. This can be difficult to do in some African nations where many people have AIDS but where testing laboratories are in short supply.

統(tǒng)計(jì)該細(xì)胞總數(shù)需要一份血液樣本和一個(gè)相應(yīng)配備的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。這在一些很多人感染但檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室短缺的非洲國(guó)家很難做到。

Rashid Bashir heads the bioengineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He and his team have developed the new device which they call "lab on a chip". It is a 3-centimeter-by-4-centimeter cartridge with all the equipment and chemicals needed to perform a CD4 cell count.

拉希德·巴希爾(Rashid Bashir)負(fù)責(zé)伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納 - 香檳分校的生物工程系。他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出這種被他們稱(chēng)為“芯片上的實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的新裝置。它是一個(gè)3厘米×4厘米的盒子，里面裝有進(jìn)行CD4細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)所需的設(shè)備和化學(xué)品。

"The promise is to bring the lab to the patient rather than the patient to the lab," he said.

他說(shuō)，“我們承諾將實(shí)驗(yàn)室?guī)У讲∪嗣媲埃皇菍⒉∪藥У綄?shí)驗(yàn)室。”

The device uses just a drop of blood. It separates the white cells from the red cells which carry oxygen. It then counts the CD4 cells immediately.

該設(shè)備只需要使用一滴血。它將白細(xì)胞從攜帶氧氣的紅細(xì)胞中分離出來(lái)，然后統(tǒng)計(jì)CD4細(xì)胞的總數(shù)。

Rashid Bashir has a financial interest in a business called Daktari Diagnostics. The company is working to market the "lab on a chip" and develop a hand-held device to read the results.

巴希爾在一家被稱(chēng)為Daktari Diagnostic的公司中擁有股份(財(cái)務(wù)利益)。該公司致力于將“芯片上的實(shí)驗(yàn)室”推向市場(chǎng)，并開(kāi)發(fā)出一種讀取檢測(cè)結(jié)果的手持裝置。

Xuanhong Cheng is a bioengineering professor at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania. She is not involved in Mr Bashir's research, but she says combining processing and identification in one chip is more helpful than other CD4 counters in development.

程萱東(音譯)是賓夕法尼亞州里哈伊大學(xué)的一位生物工程學(xué)教授。她并未參與巴希爾先生的研究，但她表示，將處理和識(shí)別結(jié)合到一個(gè)芯片上和其它開(kāi)發(fā)中的CD4計(jì)數(shù)器相比更為有用。

"A lot of people just look at the detection side. But if the sample has to be processed using very complicated methods, then it's still not quite applicable in resource-limited settings," she said.

她說(shuō)，“很多人只關(guān)注檢測(cè)方面。但如果血液樣本需要經(jīng)過(guò)非常復(fù)雜的手段處理，那么它就仍然不能完全適用于資源有限的環(huán)境。”

Ms Cheng says it will be at least a few years before any of those devices is available on the market. She is also working on developing a CD4 counter.

程女士說(shuō)，至少還需要數(shù)年這些設(shè)備才能上市。她也致力于開(kāi)發(fā)一種CD4細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)器。

"The way that we make a device in a lab is very different from industrial manufacturing processes. So, the process is not as straightforward as some people would think," she said.

她說(shuō)，“我們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室做一種設(shè)備的方式和工業(yè)制造工藝有很大不同。所以，這個(gè)過(guò)程并不是一些人想的那么簡(jiǎn)單。”

There is an urgent need for better CD4 tests, and she says she is happy about the competition.

目前急需更好的CD4檢測(cè)方法，她說(shuō)，她對(duì)該競(jìng)爭(zhēng)感到高興。