VOA慢速英語(yǔ): 越南農(nóng)民抗議政府土地政策

越南農(nóng)民抗議政府土地政策

In Vietnam, the state owns the land. The government gives people permission to lease land -- pay for its use for a limited time. As the economy has grown, some Vietnamese have been protesting illegal seizures of land -- also known as “land grabs.” The latest trial of land rights protesters shows problems with the system.

在越南，土地屬于國(guó)家。政府允許一些人租賃土地——在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)交付租金。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，一些越南人開(kāi)始抗議非法沒(méi)收土地——也叫做“搶地”。最新的捍衛(wèi)土地權(quán)益的抗議者表明這個(gè)體系的一些問(wèn)題。

A group of people recently gathered near a court near Hanoi to show their support at the appeal trial of four land rights activists. The four were arrested while protesting a reported land grab earlier this year. The court sentenced the activists to between 12 and 20months for interfering with public order.

一群人聚集在河內(nèi)的法院附近表示他們支持維護(hù)四塊土地權(quán)益捍衛(wèi)者的上訴審理。幾年早些時(shí)候，這四個(gè)人因?yàn)榭棺h搶占土地而被捕。法院因?yàn)樗麄儙讉€(gè)人擾亂公共秩序判決他們12個(gè)月到20個(gè)月時(shí)間不等的監(jiān)禁。

Both parents of 31-year-old were on trial. He says he believes that this trial was a “tool for oppression and land grabs.”

31歲的鄭普空（Trinh Ba Phuong）的父母都在法庭上。他說(shuō)他相信這是審判“用工具來(lái)鎮(zhèn)壓反抗和搶奪土地。”

He says local officials first announced plans to take control of the land in 2008. The payment offered was too low, and 356 families have refused the money. He says officials did not attempt to negotiate with the residents.

他說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T第一次宣稱要控制土地是在2008年，他們支付的錢非常低，365個(gè)家庭拒絕這些錢。而且官員并沒(méi)有試圖與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用襁M(jìn)行談判。

Video recordings are said to show attempts to take the land by force in April. The videos have appeared on social media. Over 150,000 views have been registered on the YouTube website.

視頻記錄顯示四月時(shí)候，政府用武力征地，視頻已經(jīng)在社交媒體上出現(xiàn)，在YouTube網(wǎng)站上，大概有15萬(wàn)次的播放記錄。

In one video, many people wearing unusually shaped hats are seen crossing a field. Men wearing green police uniforms and official red arm bands are running after them.

在一個(gè)視頻中，許多戴著不同形狀帽子的人穿過(guò)田野。穿著綠色警察制服的人和戴著紅色臂章的官員在后面追趕他們。

Trinh Ba Phuong’s younger brother is 25-year-old Tu.

鄭普空的兄弟才25歲。

He says many of the farmers now face big economic problems because they have no way of earning their living.

他說(shuō)很多農(nóng)民面臨很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有掙錢謀生的手段。

Protests by Vietnamese farmers are not new. In many ways this case shows the continued issue of land rights in the country. It is easy for the state to keep on owning land. In this way, those permitted to use the land do not negotiate directly with developers. Prices are supposed to be set based on market sale value. But this seemingly does not happen in real life.

越南農(nóng)民的抗議已經(jīng)不是新鮮的內(nèi)容了。這很大程度上反應(yīng)了持續(xù)存在的國(guó)家土地權(quán)利問(wèn)題。國(guó)家繼續(xù)擁有土地很容易。從這方面來(lái)講，那些得到許諾使用土地的人就不能直至跟開(kāi)發(fā)商談判。價(jià)錢會(huì)根據(jù)市值來(lái)定，但是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，這似乎不可能發(fā)生。

A report for the National Assembly in 2012 says the number of complaints involving land grabs and compensation was a serious issue. It said these objections made up 70 percent of all complaints to governmental agencies from 2004 to 2011.

2012年國(guó)民大會(huì)的一項(xiàng)報(bào)道稱：不滿包括搶占土地以及補(bǔ)償問(wèn)題，而補(bǔ)償問(wèn)題是個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。從2004年到2011年，搶占土地和補(bǔ)償問(wèn)題的不滿占政府機(jī)構(gòu)投訴的70%。

Jonathan London is a Vietnam expert at City University Hong Kong. He says the state has not dealt with some of the root causes of the disputes.

喬納森·倫頓是香港城市大學(xué)的越南方面專家，他說(shuō)越南沒(méi)有解決一些問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)端的根源。

“And in the absence of more effective institutional solutions to this problem, these kinds of street level or spontaneous uprisings are likely to persist because the supply of land is not increasing. And when people are displaced or what they claim that they are the victims of injustice that the legal system is not frequently seen as a promising option.”

“針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并沒(méi)有更有效的制度方法解決，這些自發(fā)的起義會(huì)持續(xù)，因?yàn)橥恋毓?yīng)并沒(méi)有增加。當(dāng)人們流離失所或者聲稱他們是正義的受害者，因?yàn)榉芍贫韧ǔ２⒉荒芙o他們一個(gè)期待的結(jié)果。”

Jonathan London says the use of video and social media has become a common tool for protesters to make known their objections.

喬納森·倫頓說(shuō)使用視頻錄像和社交媒體成為抗議者讓自己訴求被知曉的一種常用工具。

“People in Vietnam are increasingly becoming social movement entrepreneurs. They are trying to call attention to issues...”

“越南人日益成為社會(huì)活動(dòng)的創(chuàng)始人，他們?cè)噲D引起相關(guān)部門關(guān)注這些問(wèn)題…”

He says it is important not to overstate this trend. But still, he says, it represents a skillful attempt by people with comparatively little power. He says the activists have succeeded in bringing influence to bear on those who have power and have yet to respond to their needs.

他說(shuō)不夸大這個(gè)趨勢(shì)很重要，但是，這代表相對(duì)擁有較小權(quán)利的人正在進(jìn)行高明的嘗試。雖然當(dāng)權(quán)者還沒(méi)有回應(yīng)那些活動(dòng)分子的需求，但是他們已經(jīng)成功的給那些當(dāng)權(quán)人施加影響。

I’m Caty Weaver.

我是凱蒂·威弗爾。

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Words in This Story

lease – v. to use something for a period of time in return for payment

residents - n. people who live in a particular place

spontaneous – adj. done or said in a natural and often sudden way without a lot of thought or planning

compensation – n. something that is done or given to make up for damage, trouble, etc.

trend – n. a general direction or change