VOA慢速英語:美國食品藥品管理局表示將限制一些動物用抗生素的使用

美國食品藥品管理局表示將限制一些動物用抗生素的使用

From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.

這里是美國之音慢速英語農(nóng)業(yè)報道。

Regulators in the United States are asking companies that make antibiotic drugs to tell farmers to stop using some of the drugs on livestock. Antibiotics are medicines use to fight bacteria and infections.

美國監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)要求抗生素制藥公司告知農(nóng)民停止對家畜使用一些藥物。抗生素是對抗細(xì)菌和感染的藥物。

Large animal farms around the world often use small amount of antibiotics to help healthy animals grow faster with less feed. They put the antibiotics in the food and water they give to cows, chickens and pigs.

世界各地的大型動物養(yǎng)殖場通常使用少量抗生素以幫助健康動物少吃快長。他們把抗生素投到了牛、雞、豬的食物和水中。

Opponents of this use of antibiotic say it adds to worldwide resistance to such drugs. Public health experts say, using an antibiotic on an animal gives bacteria the chance to built double defense against the drug. This makes antibiotics less effective when they are used to fight diseases in humans.

反對這樣使用抗生素的人表示，這增加了這類藥物的全球耐藥性。公共健康專家表示，對動物使用抗生素給了細(xì)菌雙重機(jī)會來對抗這種藥物。這使得抗生素在被用于對抗人體疾病時的效果更差。

Last month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked drug companies to voluntarily change the words on the containers of antibiotics so far use in farm animals.

上月，美國食品藥品管理局要求制藥公司自愿變更目前農(nóng)場動物使用的抗生素包裝上的說明文字。

Michael Taylor is the agency's Deputy Commissioner.

邁克爾·泰勒(Michael Taylor)是該局副局長。

"With these changes, there will be fewer approved uses, and the remaining uses will be under tighter control to minimize the impact on resistance," said Taylor.

泰勒表示，“有了這些變更，被批準(zhǔn)的用途將會更少，其余用途也將受到嚴(yán)格限制，以減少對耐藥性的影響。”

The decision by the FDA to ask rather than order the drug companies to make the changes has angered some activists. But the FDA said, changes would be made more quickly if it ask the drug companies to voluntarily change how they use antibiotics.

美國食品藥品管理局的這項決定要求而不是責(zé)令制藥公司做出這些變更，激怒了一些活動人士。但美國食品藥品管理局表示，要求制藥公司自愿變更他們對抗生素的使用，起效將會更快。

Dimitri Drekonja is a doctor with the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He supports the FDA's decision to ask for voluntary changes, but he is not sure the drug companies will do what the agency has asked.

Dimitri Drekonja是美國傳染病學(xué)會的一位醫(yī)生。他支持美國食品藥品管理局要求自愿變更的決定，但他不確定制藥公司是否會執(zhí)行該機(jī)構(gòu)的要求。

"If this voluntary effort is taken up by the entire industry and everybody goes along with it, then it will actually be a needed first and potentially last step. Will that happen? I have my doubts," Drekonja added.

他補(bǔ)充說，“如果是整個行業(yè)自愿采取這些措施，所有人遵守它，那么它將是必要的第一步和潛在的最后一步。這種情況會發(fā)生嗎?我挺懷疑。”

Some large drug companies have already agreed to make the changes. Liz Wagstrom is the Chief Veterinarian at the National Pork Producers Council. He says the pig farming industry is preparing for a change in the way it uses antibiotics, even it will cost some farmers money.

一些大型制藥公司已經(jīng)同意做出變更。Liz Wagstrom是全國豬肉生產(chǎn)者委員會的主治獸醫(yī)。他說，養(yǎng)豬業(yè)正準(zhǔn)備在抗生素用法上做出改變，即使這將耗費(fèi)一些農(nóng)民的資金。

"We may lose some efficiency. We may have some animals that may not grow quite as quickly or take more grain to reach their full weight, " said Wagstrom.

他說，“我們的效率可能會變差。我們有些動物可能長得沒那么快，或者會耗費(fèi)更多糧食才能重量達(dá)標(biāo)。”

She also says the changes may mean farmers will have more sick animals.

她還表示，這些變化可能意味著農(nóng)民會有更多動物生病。

Doctor Drekonja says it may be difficult to measure how the new policy affects drug resistances.

Drekonja醫(yī)生表示，很難衡量新政策對藥物耐藥性的影響。

"It would be great if there was sort-of like a dashboard and you could watch the needle drop in the amount of antibiotics used and then watch the next gauge, which is the national resistance and see what happens there. We don't have two simple gauges like that," Drekonja says.

他說，“如果有類似汽車儀表盤，可以看到抗生素使用量指針的下降，然后觀察下一個全國耐藥性的儀表，看看發(fā)生了什么，那就太好了?？上覀儧]這樣的兩個儀表。”

He says there is a lack of good information on the amounts of antibiotics used on farms, as well as by doctors.

他說，目前缺少農(nóng)場抗生素使用量的數(shù)據(jù)，也缺乏醫(yī)生使用的抗生素數(shù)量的數(shù)據(jù)。

Some bacteria have continued to be resistant to drugs for years even after they have been banned from animal use. But doctor say they have been taking more steps to limit their use of antibiotics with humans, and they believe farmers should do the same.

即使在禁止被用于動物很多年后，一些細(xì)菌仍然對這些藥物有抗藥性。但醫(yī)生表示，他們已經(jīng)采取更多措施限制抗生素在人類的使用，他們相信農(nóng)民也應(yīng)該這樣做。